Kent Laboratory - Blog

Head of Unit

Professor Stephen Kent
E: skent@unimelb.edu.au
Location: Level 6, Rm N607, Medical Building - Bldg 181 (part of Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Parkville)
W: Professor Kent's Departmental Research pages

Kent Laboratory

Pandemic Coronavirus research

The Kent lab began working on the pandemic coronavirus research since early 2020. We have taken our knowledge on immunity to HIV and Influenza and applying it to develop antibody treatments and vaccines for SARS-CoV2, the cause of the COVID-19 illness. We have recruited blood and other samples from people who have recovered from COVID-19 to understand how their antibodies work to control COVID-19. Research led by Adam Wheatley and his team has generated monoclonal antibodies as a potential therapy or prophylaxis for COVID-19 . Our work on generating monoclonal antibodies against influenza provides a sound basis for this. Together with collaborators we have been awarded over $9m of MRFF and Victorian government funding to pursue this research towards human trials.

Dr Wen Shi Lee in our group together with Dr Amy Chung’s group are trying to understand the role Fc functions of anti- SARS-CoV2 antibodies play in assisting immunity – this is an area we have extensively worked on for HIV and Influenza. We are attempting to dissect the role of prior human coronavirus infection on subsequent immunity to COVID-19.

Dr Hyon-Xhi Tan in our group is also making prototype vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 based on our track record in Influenza, HIV and with nanoparticles. We are developing self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle vaccines, analogous to our recently published work in Influenza, and are testing them in the laboratory. We have $3m in MRFF funding to pursue vaccine approaches that avoid the problem of immune imprinting and Dr Janavi Rambhatla is helping project manage this work. We plan to improve antibody responses through induction of T-follicular helper responses, a critically important cell in the lymph node. We are studying the best timing of administering COVID-19 vaccines in a clinical trial together with the Royal Melbourne Hospital.

Despite receiving vaccines, many people still acquire breakthrough COVID-19 although it is usually milder than in the unvaccinated. We are working to understand the types of immunity associated with control of breakthrough COVID-19 – we have evidence that both antibodies and T cells make important contributions.

Cellular immunity plays a role in controlling COVID-19. We are studying T cell responses in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19 and/or received COVID-19 vaccines in work led by Dr Jen Juno. Jen leads a group with a strong record in studying T cell responses to HIV, Tb and Influenza, including MAIT cells, CD1-restricted cells and gamma-delta T cells.

HIV Vaccines

An HIV vaccine is urgently needed. To further understand how immune responses can control HIV, we have a series of projects involved in developing new assays to measure immunity and the effect these immune responses have on the virus. We have extensively studied antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which appears to play a role in vaccine-induced immunity to HIV. We are also trying to understand how neutralising antibodies that have ADCC activity can control HIV. We have ongoing projects led by Dr Jen Juno studying small but important lymphocyte populations such as T-follicular helper cells, gamma-delta T cells, MAIT cells and NKT cells. In work with European collaborators, we have been studying multivalent HIV-1 Env based SOSIP trimer vaccine strategies.

Influenza Vaccines

Seasonal Influenza continues to extract a huge toll on the community and there is the ever-present threat of new pandemics. Led by Dr Adam Wheatley we are making headway into improving our understanding of influenza immunity with a view to improving vaccines. Current vaccines are imperfect and often target variable regions of the virus which “drift” away from effective immunity each winter. We are focussing on improving immunity, both antibodies and CD4 T cell helper cells (“Tfh”) to conserved parts of influenza, including the stem of HA. We also have a major interest in improving ADCC antibodies against influenza. Led by Drs Mario Koutsakos and Lara Schwab, our group has had a major push to understand and improve immunity to Influenza type B viruses and we have generated panels of monoclonal antibodies that target this virus.

Cells in the lung, both T cells and B cells, appear to be important in immunity to repeated infection with influenza. Led by Dr Hyon-Xhi Tan, we are starting to understand how immune cells lodge and organise themselves in the lung and fight off new influenza virus or COVID-19 infections.

Our understanding of immune responses against Influenza allows us to push on with developing novel vaccine technologies. In particular we have exciting projects studying nanoparticle vaccines where tiny capsules are loaded with vaccine antigens to protect them from degradation and target important immune cells that stimulate effective immunity. Dr Mai Vu has been studying liposomal and ferritin particle vaccines and more recent lipid nanoparticle vaccines.

Nanoparticle Vaccine Research

The Kent group has been part of an Australian Research Council funded Centre of Excellence on nanomedicine. We have a series of work studying how small particles “nanoparticles” interact with the immune system and how this could be exploited in the future as vaccines or therapies. We have collaborated widely with most of the groups within our centre, including the Caruso group in Melbourne and Thurecht group at UQ . We are hosting research in our lab from Dr David Ju at RMIT. We are actively working on self-assembling ferritin nanoparticle vaccines and lipid nanoparticle based vaccines for influenza and SARS-CoV2.

Follow @ProfStephenKent

Information for Prospective Students and Staff

Students
The Kent laboratory at the University of Melbourne has had great success in training excellent PhD and Honours students over the years. Prof Kent was honoured to receive the Peter Doherty Outstanding PhD Supervisor award from the University of Melbourne. All our Honours students have achieved First Class Honours, and our PhD students are highly productive, producing several first- and co-authored scientific publications. The vast majority of our PhD students finish in under 3.5 years, well below the average time taken. Many of our Australian PhD students have gone on to receive prestigious NHMRC post doctoral fellowships or similar fellowships to continue their research. Our philosophy is that it is important for students to learn to become very productive in the scientific world and to do all we can to facilitate their move to the next stage of their career. See this link for useful advice from our colleague David O’Connor on managing a successful PhD journey.
We are always happy to hear from potential students. Interested students should review our projects and publications pages, and email their CV and transcripts to skent@unimelb.edu.au. Prospective PhD students should also see the Melbourne School of Graduate Research website for eligibility criteria and scholarship information as virtually all our students hold prestigious PhD scholarships.
Staff
The Kent laboratory has a wide range of interesting projects that will suit dedicated and inquisitive Post-doctoral Fellows. We are interested in Post-doctoral Fellows with a desire to make a difference in the viral immunology and vaccine fields. The University of Melbourne offers generous remuneration packages. More details can be found on the Human Resources website.
Recent Graduates and Post-doctoral Fellows

The Kent Laboratory is immensely proud of its former staff and students who have contributed to our research and then progressed into new fields.

A/Prof Matt Parsons completed both parts of his PhD and all his postdoctoral training with our group. He published prolifically (including in Science Trans Med and JCI) and secured an Assistant Professor position with significant start-up funding at Emory University in Atlanta, USA in 2019. He remains an honorary Kent Lab staff member.

Dr Hillary Vanderven completed a very successful PhD with us in 2018 and immediately took up a lecturer position at James Cook University in Townsville. We continue to collaborate on influenza immunity studies.

Dr Sinth Jegaskanda is a PhD graduate who took up a postdoc at the NIH in the USA to study influenza immunity. He was awarded both a CJ Martin NHMRC fellowship and an Australian-American fellowship to start his work. He returned to our department to work with Prof Cam Simmons in 2016, rejoined the Kent group in 2017. He subsequently studied patent law and has moved onto become a patent attorney in the biotechnology sector.

Dr Amy Chung obtained her PhD with the Kent lab in March 2011 and then held a post-doc position with Dr Galit Alter at Harvard/Ragon Institute. Amy was awarded a prestigious America-Australia Scholarship and a NHMRC Overseas Postdoctoral Fellowship. She rejoined the Kent group in 2015 and obtained NHMRC project grant funding, NHMRC CDF funding and amfAR Krim funding. She is an NHMRC emerging leader 2 Investigator and now heads her own lab group at the University of Melbourne.

A/Prof Liyen Loh obtained her PhD in February 2010 and was awarded an NHMRC Overseas Biomedical Postdoctoral Training Fellowship to further her career in the lab of Professor Doug Nixon at UCSF in San Francisco. During her PhD, Liyen was awarded a prestigious Commendation for the 2009 Premier's Award for Health and Medical Research and the QIAGEN PhD Achievement Award. She returned to the University of Melbourne with Dr Katherine Kedzierska in our department and subsequently moved to the University of Colorado in an Assistant Professor role.

Dr Rosemarie Mason was awarded her PhD in 2009. She initially returned to Canada to a postdoctoral position at the University of Toronto. She was offered a Marie Curie and Canadian Heart Foundation Postdoctoral fellowships on her return to Canada. She is now a staff scientist with Dr Mario Roederer at the NIH’s vaccine research centre.

Dr Viv Peut obtained her PhD in December 2008, and was awarded a NHMRC Overseas based Biomedical Fellowship to further her research on HIV vaccines in the lab of Professor Julie McElrath at the Fred Hutchison Research Centre in Seattle. She returned to the University of Melbourne to work with the Turner/Doherty group, and is now working in the mining industry.

Dr Miranda Smith was awarded her PhD in March 2008, and obtained a NHMRC CJ Martin Fellowship to work in the lab of Dr Annette Oxenius at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. She returned to Melbourne to work with Prof Sharon Lewin at the Doherty Institute and is now managing a large Centre of Research Excellence in Infectious Diseases.

Dr Erik Rollman spent 2.5 years with us as a Post-doctoral Fellow on a prestigious Swedish Research Council Fellowship. He returned to Sweden in 2008 to take up positions in the biotechnology industry.
Viv and Liyen
Research Facilities
Our laboratory and offices are located on the 6^th floor of Medical Building (Building 181) and we are part of the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute/PDI). We have newly renovated office and laboratory space. We collaborate with most aspects of the Doherty Institute, which includes:
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service
Lab Facilities
Our modern immunology/ virology laboratory has >100m2 of new laboratory space, 6 class II biosafety cabinets, 4 refrigerated centrifuges, multiple microscopes, 4 -80^oC freezers, a 30,000 viral liquid N2 storage facility, 4 CO₂ incubators, ABI and Eppendorf real time PCR machines, a Coulter counter and multiple other. The Kent group also has direct access to an adjacent PCR suite. In addition, we share a new PC3 laboratory suite located within the department. The PC3 laboratory is equipped with 3 class II biosafety cabinets, 2 CO₂ incubators, an ultracentrifuge, a microscope and a flow cytometer. A new Astrios FACS sorter was installed in the PC3 lab recently.
Animal Facility
The department manages a superb mouse facility which we use extensively. We collaborate closely with groups studying multiple other animal models.
Flow Cytometry Facility
The Kent lab has fantastic access to a world-class flow cytometry facility. The facility has dedicated managers and manages high end Fortessa, Aurora, and multiple other sorting and analyzing flow cytometers. We purchased our own Fortessa in 2015 for our dedicated use.
Clinical Resources
Prof Kent has conjoint appointments as a Visiting Infectious Diseases physician at the Infectious Diseases department of the Alfred Hospital and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, the 2 major tertiary referral centres for HIV in Melbourne. He also has a joint appointment with the Royal Melbourne Hospital Infectious Diseases service. We have ready access to samples from subjects enrolled in clinical trials, which assists our translational research.
Computer Facilities
The Kent laboratory has numerous ethernet-linked Mac computers with Intel Core processors. We operate an electronic laboratory storage of records system, and an electronic lab book system for more efficient and secure storage of data. All computers are backed up regularly. We have purchased MacBook Pro laptops for most of our PhD students.
Major Collaborators

NHMRC Program Grant 2019 - 2023
This Program focuses on immunity to HIV and HIV cures in informative clinical cohorts and model systems. Our studies will guide development of novel treatments, cure strategies and vaccines through preclinical and early phase clinical investigations. This program was renewed for 2019 - 2023 with Professor Kent as CIA. Dr Jane Batten in our team is the project manager of this $16m award.
Our team includes:

Clinician-scientists with a proven record in the identification of unresolved issues in the clinic and the establishment of laboratory strategies to investigate these issues with patient samples and animal models:
Professor Anthony Kelleher, University of NSW
Professor Stephen Kent, University of Melbourne
Professor Sharon Lewin, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity
Professor Frank Caruso, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne
A basic scientist providing expertise in virology underpinning disease pathogenesis:
Professor Sarah Palmer, University of Sydney
Clinical researchers with substantive experience in clinical research and development:
Dr Sean Emery and Dr Sarah Sasson, University of NSW
A mathematical modeller and biostatistician:
Professor Miles Davenport, University of NSW
Other Collaborations
Prof Miles Davenport, University of NSW
Prof Davenport and colleagues Dr David Khoury and Deborah Cromer have been instrumental in helping refine our understanding of immunity to COVID-19 and HIV. His group brings insightful thinking and sophisticated mathematical modelling to help explain our experimental data and testable hypotheses.
Prof Frank Caruso, University of Melbourne
The Caruso group from the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering are experts in layer-by-layer nanoparticles. These particles hold great potential as a vaccine delivery system. We were part of an ARC Centre of Excellence grant with Dr Caruso and 17 other CIs around Australia.
Professor Dale Godfrey, University of Melbourne
The Godfrey lab are leaders in the study of NKT cells, MAIT cells and CD1-restricted cells, and are instrumental in our collaborative work in the area.

Visit Stephen's Departmental Research Pages

Note: the following link goes to the main Departmental Website.

Kent Laboratory: HIV Vaccines; Immune Responses to HIV-1; Immunotherapy

Journal Publications

416. Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Strength in diversity: Widening B cell recruitment for broader vaccine protection. Immunity 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.009

415. Pitman MC, Meagher N, Price DJ, Rhodes A, Chang JJ, Scher B, Allan B, Street A, McMahon JH, Rasmussen TA, Cameron PU, Hoy JF, Kent SJ, Lewin SR. Effect of high dose vitamin D3 on the HIV reservoir: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Virus Eradication. 2023 Aug 29:100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2023.100345

414. Phetsouphanh C, Jacka B, Ballouz S, Jackson KJL, Wilson DB, Manandhar B, Klemm V, Tan HX, Wheatley AK, Aggarwal A, Akerman A, Milogiannakis V, Starr M, Cunningham P, Turville SG, Kent SJ, Byrne A, Brew BJ, Darley DR, Dore GJ, Kelleher AD, Matthews GV. Improvement of immune dysregulation and health-related quality of life in individuals with long COVID at 24-months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv. 2023:2023-08. Preprint at doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.27.23294704

413. Edler P, Schwab LSU, Aban M, Wille M, Spirason N, Deng YM, Carlock MA, Ross TM, Juno JA, Rockman S, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Barr IG, Price DJ, Koutsakos M. Differential cross-reactivity to the influenza B virus haemagglutinin underpins lineage-specific susceptibility between birth cohorts. bioRxiv. 2023:2023-08. Preprint at doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.25.554879

412. Zhang W, Clemens EB, Kedzierski L, Chua BY, Mayo M, Lonzi C, Hinchcliff A, Rigas V, Middleton BF, Binks P, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Tan HX, Petersen J, Chaurasia P, Krammer F, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Miller A, Lynar S, Nelson J, Nguyen THO, Davies J, Kedzierska K. Broad spectrum SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in hospitalized First Nations peoples recovering from COVID-19. Immunology and Cell Biology 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12691

411. Elias KM, Khan SR, Stadler E, Schlub TE, Cromer D, Polizzotto MN, Kent SJ, Turner T, Davenport MP, Khoury DS. Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv preprint 2023 https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.06.18.23291566

410. Nolan TM, Deliyannis G, Braat S, Allen LF, Audsley J, Ciula M, Gheradin NA, Giles M, Gordon TP, Griffith M, Grimley SL, Horng L, Jackson DC, Juno JA, Kedzierska K, Kent SJ, Lewin SR, Littlejohn M, McQuilten HA, Mordant FL, Nguyen THO, Soo VP, Price B, Purcell DFJ, Ramanathan P, Redmond SJ, Rockman S, Ruan Z, Sasaduesz J, Simpson J, Subbarao K, Fabb SA, Payne TJ, Takanashi A, Tam CW, Torresi J, Wang JJ, Wang L, Al Wassiti HA, Wong CY, Zaloumis S, Pouton C, Godfrey DI. Interim results from a Phase I trial of novel SARS-CoV-2 beta variant receptor-binding domain recombinant protein and mRNA vaccines as a 4^th dose booster. SSRN Preprint 2023 doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4485603

409. Selva KJ, Ramanthan P, Haycroft ER, Tan CW, Wang LF, Downie LE, Davis SK, Purcell RA, Kent HE, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Kent SJ*, Chung AW*. Mucosal antibody responses following Vaxzevria vaccination. Immunology and Cell Biology 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12685

408. Vanderven HA, Wentworth DN, Han WM, Peck H, Barr IG, Davey Jr RT, Beigel JH, Dwyer DE, Jain MK, Angus B, Brandt CT, Mykietiuk A, Law MG, Neaton JD, Kent SJ. Understanding the treatment benefit of hyperimmune anti-influenza intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) for severe human influenza. JCI Insight 2023 doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.167464

407. Kent SJ, Phetsouphanh C. Long COVID could be caused by the virus lingering in the body. Here's what the science says. The Conversation 2023 205025.

406. Selva KJ, Ramanathan P, Haycroft ER, Reynaldi A, Cromer D, Tan CW, Wang LF, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Downie LE, Davis SK, Purcell RA, Kent HE, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Davenport MP, Kent SJ*, Chung AW*. Lasting first impression: Pre-existing immunity restricts mucosal antibody responses during Omicron breakthrough JCI Insight 2023 in press. Preprint at doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.28.23287848

405. Zhang W, Rowntree LC, Muttucumaru R, Damelang T, Aban M, Hurt AC, Auladell M, Esterbauer R, Wines B, Hogarth M, Turner SJ, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Patil S, Avery S, Morrissey O, Chung AW, Koutsakos M, Nguyen THO, Cheng AC, Kotsimbos TC, Kedzierska K. Robust immunity to influenza vaccination in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients following reconstitution of humoral and adaptive immunity. Clinical and Translational Immunology 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1456

404. Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Chua BY, Kedzierski L, Lim C, Lasica M, Tennakoon GS, Saunders NR, Crane M, Chee L, Seymour JF, Anderson MA, Whitechurch A, Clemens EB, Zhang W, Chang SY, Habel JR, Jia X, McQuilten HA, Minervina AA, Pogorelyy MV, Chaurasia P, Petersen J, Menon T, Hensen L, Neil J, Mordant FL, Tan H-X, Cabug AF, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Subbarao K, Karapanagiotidis T, Huang H, Vo LK, Cain NL, Nicholson S, Krammer F, Gibney G, James F, Trevillyan JM, Trubiano JA, Mitchell J, Christensen B, Bond KA, Williamson DA, Rossjohn J, Crawford JC, Thomas PG, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Tam CS, Teh BW, Kedzierska K. Robust SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses with common TCRαβ motifs towards COVID-19 vaccines in haematological malignancy patients impacting B cell immunity, Cell Reports Medicine (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101017.

403. Field KR, Wragg KM, Lee WS, Rigau M, Uldrich AP, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Cytokines enhance human Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell TCR-dependent and TCR-independent effector functions. European J Immunol 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.202250220

402. Conlan M, Tan HX, Esterbauer R, Kelly A, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Lee WS. Monoclonal antibodies against human coronavirus NL63 spike. BioRxiv preprint 2023 doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.12.532265

401. Lee WS, Tan HX, Reynaldi A, Esterbauer R, Koutsakos M, Nguyen J, Amarasena T, Kent HE, Aggarwal A, Turville SG, Taiaroa G, Kinsella P, Liew KC, Tran T, Williamson DA, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Juno JA, Khoury DS, Wheatley AK. Durable reprogramming of neutralising antibody responses following Omicron breakthrough infection. Science Advances 2023 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5301

400. Vu MN, Pilkington EH, Lee WS, Tan HX, Davis TP, Truong NP, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Engineered Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccines Enable Rapid Screening of Antibody Functionalisation to Boost Immune Responses. Advanced Healthcare Materials 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202202595

399. Zhang W, Kedzierski L, Chua BY, Mayo M, Lonzi C, Rigas V, Middleton BF, McQuilten HA, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Purcell RA, Tan HX, Petersen J, Chaurasia P, Mordant F, Pogorelyy MV, Minervina AA, Crawford JC, Perkins GB, Zhang E, Gras S, Clemens EB, Juno JA, Audsley J, Khoury DS, Holmes NE, Thevarajan I, Subbarao K, Krammer F, Cheng AC, Davenport MP, Grubor-Bauk B, Coates PT, Christensen B, Thomas PG, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Chung AW, Boffa J, Miller A, Lynar S, Nelson J, Nguyen THO, Davies J, Kedzierska K. Robust and prototypical immune responses towards COVID-19 vaccine in First Nations peopleS are impacted by comorbidities. Nature Immunology 2023 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-023-01508-y

398. Barber-Axthelm I, Wragg KM, Esterbauer R, Amarasena TH, Barber-Axthelm VRB, Wheatley AK, Gibbon AM, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Phenotypic and functional characterization of pharmacologically expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in pigtail macaques. iScience 2023 doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.106269

397. von Borstel A, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Ashhurst TM, Allen LF, Howson LJ, Holmes NE, Smibert OC, Trubiano JA, Gordon CL, Cheng AC, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Kedzierska K, Davey MS. Circulating effector γδ T cell populations are associated with acute coronavirus disease 19 in unvaccinated individuals. Immunology & Cell Biology 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12623

396. Koutsakos M, Reynaldi A, Lee WS, Nguyen J, Amarasena T, Taiaroa G, Kinsella P, Liew KC, Tran T, Kent HE, Tan HX, Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, Thomas PG, Kedzierska K, Petersen J, Rossjohn J, Williamson DA, Khoury DS, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Juno JA. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses. Immunity 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.017

395. Nguyen THO, Lim C, Lasica M, Whitechurch A, Tennakoon S, Saunders NR, Allen LF, Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Kedzierski L, Tan H-X, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Karapanagiotidis T, Nicholson S, Williamson DA, Slavin MA, Tam CS, Kedzierska K, Teh BW. Prospective comprehensive profiling of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients on zanubrutinib therapy. eJHaem 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/jha2.639

394. Larson EC, Ellis AL, Rodgers MA, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Moriarty RV, Balgeman AJ, Menezes YK, Ameel CL, Fillmore DJ, Pergalske SM, Juno JA, Maiello P, White AG, Borish HJ, Godfrey DI, Kent SJ, Ndhlovu LC, O’Connor SL, Scanga CA. Host Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection is Similar in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected, Antiretroviral Therapy-treated and SIV-naïve Juvenile Macaques. Infection and Immunity https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00558-22

393. Damelang T, Kassa MW, Lopez E, Selva KJ, Davis SK, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lufele E, Warta P, Esterbauer R, Amarasena T, Killian M, Jally S, Tavul L, Ome-Kaius M, del Pilar Quintana M, Hviid L, Wheatley AK, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Unger HW, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Novel IgG3 Allotype Identified in Women From Malaria Endemic Regions That Modulates Fc Effector Functions. SSRN preprint 2022 https://ssrn.com/abstract=4287904

392. Stadler E, Burgess MT, Schlub TE, Khan SR, Chai KL, McQuilten ZK, Wood EM, Polizzotto MN, Kent SJ, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Khoury DS. Monoclonal antibody levels and protection from COVID-19. Nature Communications 2023 doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40204-1

391. Ju Y, Carreño JM, Simon V, Dawson K, Krammer F, Kent SJ. Impact of anti-PEG antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Nature Reviews Immunology 2022 doi.org/10.1038/s41577-022-00825-x

390. Tan HX, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Nice and slow make the germinal centers go: measured and escalating antigen delivery enhance durability and quality of humoral immune responses against HIV-1. Immunology and Cell Biology 2022 doi: 10.1111/imcb.12596

389. Pymm P, Redmond SJ, Dolezal O, Mordant F, Lopez E, Cooney JP, Davidson KC, Haycroft ER, Tan CW, Seneviratna R, Grimley SL, Purcell DFJ, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Wang LF, Leis A, Glukhova A, Pellegrini M, Chung AW, Subbarao K, Uldrich AP, Tham WH, Godfrey DI, Gherardin NA. (2022). Biparatopic nanobodies targeting the receptor binding domain efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2. iScience, 25(11), 105259. doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105259

388. Deliyannis G, Gherardin NA, Wong CY, Grimley SL, Cooney JP, Redmond SJ, Ellenberg P, Davidson KC, Mordant FL, Smith T, Gillard M, Lopez E, McAuley J, Tan CW, Wang JJ, Zeng W, Littlejohn M, Zhou R, Chan JFW, Chen ZW, Hartwig AE, Bowen R, Mackenzie JM, Vincan E, Torresi J, Kedzierska K, Pouton CW, Gordon TP, Wang LF, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Lewin SR, Subbarao K, Chung AW, Pellegrini M, Munro T, Nolan T, Rockman S, Jackson DC, Purcell DFJ, Godfrey DI . Broad immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mediated by a SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain protein vaccine. EBioMedicine 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104574

387. Chua BY, Sekiya T, Koutsakos M, Nomura N, Rowntree LC, Nguyen THO, McQuilten HA, Ohno M, Ohara Y, Nishimura T, Endo M, Itoh Y, Habel JR, Selva KJ, Wheatley AK, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ, Chung AW, Jackson DC, Brown LE, Shingai M, Kedzierska K, Kida H. Immunization with inactivated whole virus particle influenza virus vaccines improves the humoral response landscape in cynomolgus macaques. PLoS Pathog, 18(10), e1010891. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010891

386. Khoury DS, Docken SS, Subbarao K, Kent SJ, Davenport MP, Cromer D. Predicting the efficacy of variant-modified COVID-19 vaccine boosters. Nature Medicine 2023 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02228-4

385. Haycroft ER, Davis SK, Ramanathan P, Lopez E, Purcell RA, Tan LL, Pymm P, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, Redmond SJ, Gheradin NA, Godfrey DI, Tham WH, Selva KJ*, Kent SJ*, Chung AW*. Antibody Fc-binding profiles and ACE2 affinity to SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants
Medical Microbiology and Immunology 2023 doi.org/10.1007/s00430-023-00773-w

384. Kristensen AB, Wragg KM, Vanderven HA, Lee WS, Silvers J, Kent HE, Grant MD, Kelleher AD, Juno JA, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of highly differentiated CD57+NKG2C+ NK cells in HIV-1-infected individuals. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2022 https://doi.org/10.1093/cei/uxac082

383. Wines BD, Kurtovic L, Trist HM, Esparon S, Lopez E, Chappin K, Chan LJ, Mordant FL, Lee WS, Gherardin NA, Patel SK, Hartley GE, Pymm P, Cooney JP, Beeson JG, Godfrey DI, Burrell LM, van Zelm MC, Wheatley AK, Chung AW, Tham WH, Subbarao K, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM. Fc engineered ACE2-Fc is a potent multi-functional agent targeting SARS-CoV2. Frontiers in Immunology 2022 https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.889372

382. Stadler E, Chai KL, Schlub TE, Cromer D, Khan SR, Polizzotto MN, Kent SJ, Beecher C, White H, Turner T, Skoetz N, Estcourt LJ, McQuilten ZK, Wood EM, Khoury DS, Davenport MP. Determinants of passive antibody efficacy in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Microbe 2023 In press. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.21.22272672

381. Li S, Ju Y; Zhou J, Faria M, Ang CS, Mitchell AJ, Zhong QZ, Zheng T, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Protein Precoating Modulates Biomolecular Coronas and Nanocapsule–Immune Cell Interactions in Human Blood. J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TB00672C

380. Khoury DS, Schlub TE, Cromer D, Steain M, Fong Y, Gilbert PB, Subbarao K, Triccas JA, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Correlates of protection, thresholds of protection, and immunobridging among persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2023 https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2902.221422

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311. Ahlensteil CL, Symonds G, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD. Block and Lock HIV Cure Strategies to Control the Latent Reservoir. Frontiers Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2020 doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00424

310. Qu Y, Ju Y, Cortez-Jugo C, Lin X, Li S, Zhou J, Ma Y, Glab A, Kent SJ, Cavalieri F, Caruso F. Template-Mediated Assembly of DNA into Microcapsules for Immunological Modulation. Small 2020;16:e2002750 doi.org/10.1002/smll.202002750

309. Juno J, Tan HX, Lee WS, Reynaldi A, Kelly HG, Wragg K, Esterbauer R, Kent HE, Batten CJ, Mordant FL, Gherardin NA, Pymm P, Dierich MH, Scott NE, Tham WH, Godfrey DI, Subbarao K, Davenport MP, Kent SJ*, Wheatley AK*. Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered COVID-19 patients. Nature Medicine. 2020 26:1428-34 doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0995-0

308. Selva KJ, van de Sandt CE, Lemke MM, Lee C, Shoffner SK, Chua BY, Davis SK, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Koutsakos M, Wong CY, Subbarao K, Mordant F, Jackson DC, Flanagan KL, Crowe J, Tosif S, Neeland M, Sutton P, Licciardi P, Crawford N, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Chappell K, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Young P, Lee WS, Wines B, P. Hogarth PM, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Arnold KB, Kedzierska K, Chung AW. Distinct systems serology features in children, elderly and COVID-19 patients. Nature Communications 2021;12:2037 doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22236-7

307. Vu MN, Kelly HG, Wheatley AK, Pilkington EH, Peng S, Davis TP, Kent SJ*, Truong NP*. Cellular interactions of liposomes and PISA nanoparticles during human blood flow in a microvascular network. Small 2020 doi.org/10.1002/smll.202002861

306. Wong J, Tai CM, Hurt AC, Tan HX, Kent SJ*, Wheatley AK*. Sequencing B cell receptors from ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). Plos One 2020 doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233794

305. Wragg K, Tan HX, Kristensen AB, Nguyen-Robertson CV, Kelleher AD, Parsons MS, Wheatley AK, Berzins SP, Pellicci DG, Kent SJ*, Juno JA*. CD26 and low CD94 expression identifies an IL-23 responsive V-gamma2+ T cell subset with a MAIT cell-like transcriptional profile. Cell Reports 2020 doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107773

304. Tjandra KC, Forest CR, Wong CK, Alcantara S, Kelly HG, Ju Y, Stenzel MH, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M, Caruso F, Kent SJ, Thordarson P. Modulating the selectivity and stealth properties of ellipsoidal polymersomes through a multivalent peptide ligand display. Advanced Healthcare Materials 2020 doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202000261

303. Juno JA, Kent SJ. What can gamma delta T cells contribute to an HIV cure? Frontiers in Cellular Infection and Microbiology 2020 doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00233

302. Kelly HG , Tan HX, Juno J, Esterbauer R, Ju Y, Jiang W, Wimmer VC, Duckworth BC, Groom JR, Caruso F, Kanekiyo M, Kent SJ*, Wheatley AK*. Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines drive extended germinal center activity and memory B cell maturation. JCI Insight 2020;5:e136653. doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.136653.

301. Suphaphiphat K , Bernard-Stoecklin S, Gommet C, Delache B, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Kent SJ, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Le Grand R, Cavarelli M. Innate and adaptive anti-SIV responses in macaque semen: implications for infectivity and risk of transmission. Frontiers in Immunology 2020 doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00850

300. Fu C, Demir B, Alcantara S, Kumar V, Han F, Kelly HG, Tan X, Yu Y, Xu W, Zhao J, Zhang C, Peng H, Boyer C, Woodruff TM, Kent SJ, Searles D, Whittaker AK. Low-fouling Fluoropolymers for Bioconjugation and In Vivo Tracking. Angewandte Chemie 2020 doi.org/10.1002/ange.201914119

299. Vanderven HA, Barr I, Reynaldi A, Wheatley AK, Wines BD, Davenport MP, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ. Fc Functional Antibody Responses to Adjuvanted versus Unadjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Community-dwelling Older Adults. Vaccine 2020 doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.066

298. Vanderven HA, Kent SJ. The protective potential of Fc-mediated antibody functions against influenza virus and other viral pathogens. Immunol and Cell Biol 2020 doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12312

297. Nguyen B, Chung AW, Lopez S, Silvers J, Kent HE, Kent SJ, Downie L. Meibomian gland dropout is associated with immunodeficiency at HIV diagnosis: implications for dry eye disease. Ocular Surface 2020 doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2020.02.003

296. Rigau M, Ostrouska S, Fulford TS, Johnson DN, Woods K, Ruan Z, McWilliam HE, Hudson C, Tutuka C, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Villadangos JA, Pal B, Kurts C, Simmonds J, Pelzing M, Hammet A, Verhagen AM, Vairo G, Maraskovsky E, Panousis C, Gherardin NA, Cebon J, Godfrey DI, Behren A, Uldrich AP. Butyrophilin 2A1 mediates phosphoantigen reactivity by gamma-delta T cells. Science 2020 doi.org/10.1126/science.aay5516

295. McLean MR, Lu L, Kent SJ, Chung AW. An inflammatory story: antibodies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-morbidities. Frontiers Immunol 2019 doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02846

294. Davis SK, Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Serum IgA Fc effector functions in infectious disease. Immunol and Cell Biol 2020 doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12306

293. Billings H, Wines BD, Dyer WB, Center RJ, Trist HM, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM. Boosting of Markers of Fcγ Receptor Function in Anti-HIV Antibodies During Structured Treatment Interruption. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2019;35:842-852. doi: 10.1089/AID.2019.0047.

292. Faridi A, Yang W, Kelly HG, Wang C, Davis T, Chen P, Kent SJ, Ke PC. Differential roles of plasma protein corona on immune cell association and cytokine secretion of oligomeric and fibrillar beta-amyloid. Biomacromolecules 2019 doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01116

291. Lopez E, Scott NE, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Low pH exposure during Immunoglobulin G purification methods results in aggregates that avidly bind Fcγ Receptors: Implications for measuring Fc dependent antibody functions. Frontiers in Immunology 2019 doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02415

290. Selva KJ, Bavinton BR, Grulich AE, Pazgier M, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Impact of HIV-1 viremia or sexually transmitted infection on semen-derived anti-HIV-1 antibodies and the immunosuppressive capacity of seminal plasma. Eur J Immunol. 2019 doi: 10.1002/eji.201848055

289. Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 2019 doi.org/10.1111/irv.12687

288. Kesarwani V, Kelly HG, Shankar M, Robinson KJ, Kent SJ, Traven A, Corrie SR. Characterisation of key bio-nano interactions between organosilica nanoparticles and Candida albicans. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019; 11: 34676−34687

287. Weiss ACG, Kelly HG, Faria M, Besford QA, Wheatley AK, Ang C-S, Crampin EJ, Caruso F, Kent SJ. Link between Low-Fouling and Stealth: A Whole Blood Biomolecular Corona and Cellular Association Analysis on Nanoengineered Particles. ACS Nano 2019 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00552

286. Selva KJ, Juno JA, Worley MJ, Chung AW, Tachedjian G, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Effect of seminal plasma on functions of monocytes and granulocytes. AIDS Res Human Retroviruses 2019 DOI: 10.1089/AID.2018.0219

285. Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Moving the HIV vaccine field forward: concepts of protective immunity. Lancet HIV 2019 DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30134-1

284. Bangaru S, Zhang H, Gilchuk IM, Voss TG, Irving RP, Gilchuk P, Matta P, Zhu X, Lang S, Nieusma T, Richt JA, Randy A. Albrecht RA, Hillary A. Vanderven HA, Bombardi R, Kent SJ, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Crowe JE. A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface. Cell 2019:177;1136–1152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.011. See accompanying editorial here.

283. Cui J, Ju Y, Houston ZH, Glass JJ, Fletcher NL, Alcantara S, Dai Q, Howard CB, Mahler SM, Wheatley AK, De Rose R, Brannon PT, Paterson BM, Donnelly PS, Thurecht KJ, Caruso F, Kent SJ. Modulating Targeting of Poly(ethylene glycol) Particles to Tumor Cells Using Bispecific Antibodies.Adv Healthcare Materials 2019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801607

282. Lee WS, Prevost J, Richard J, van der Sluis RM, Lewin SR, Pazgier M, Finzi A, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. CD4- and Time-Dependent Susceptibility of HIV-1-Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. J Virol 2019 doi:10.1128/JVI.01901-18

281. Lewis GK, Ackerman ME, Scarlatti G, Moog C, Robert-Guroff M, Kent SJ, Overbaugh J, Reeves K, Ferrari G, Thyagarajan B. Knowns and Unknowns of Assaying Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity Against HIV-1. Frontiers in Immunology 2019

280. Khanna M,Jackson RJ, Alcantara S, Thakshila H Amarasena TH, Li Z, Anthony D Kelleher AD,Kent SJ, Ranasinghe C. Complete protection following high dose intrarectal SIV_mac239 challenge following intranasal pox viral-vector based vaccination, correlates with combined mucosal/systemic cytotoxic CD4⁺ T cell immunity. Scientific Reports 2019 doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41506-5

279. Juno JA, Wragg KM, Kristensen AB, Lee WS, Selva K, van der Sluis R, Kelleher AD, Bavinton B, Grulich A, Lewin SR, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Modulation of the CCR5 receptor/ligand axis by seminal plasma and the utility of in vitro versus in vivo models. J Virol 2019 doi:10.1128/JVI.00242-19

278. Tan HX, Esterbauer R, Vanderven H, Juno JA, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (iBALT) serve as sites of B cell selection and maturation following influenza infection in mice.
Frontiers in Immunology 2019 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00611

277 Jiang W, Wragg KM, Tan HX, Kelly HG, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Juno JA. Identification of murine antigen-specific T follicular helper cells using an activation-induced marker assay. J Immunol Methods 2019;267:48-57

276. Juno JA, Wragg KM, Amarasena T, Meehan BS, Mak JYW, Liu L, Fairlie D, McCluskey J, Eckle SBG, Kent SJ. MAIT cells upregulate a4b7 in response to acute SIV/SHIV infection but are resistant to peripheral depletion in pigtail macaques. Journal of Immunology. 2019 doi/10.4049/jimmunol.1801405. Highlighted in "in this issue".

275. Damelang T, Rogerson SJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. The Role of IgG3 in Infectious Diseases. Trends in Immunology 2019 doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2019.01.005. See front cover here.

274. Kelly HG, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Immunological basis for enhanced immunity of nanoparticle vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2019 doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2019.1578216

273. Liu Y, Tan HX, Koutsakos M, Jegaskanda S, Esterbauer R, Tilmanis A, Aban M, Kedzierska K, Hurt AC, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Cross-lineage protection by human antibodies binding the influenza B hemagglutinin. Nature Communications 2018 doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08165-y

272. Tan HX, Jegaskanda S, Juno JA, Esterbauer R, Wong J, Kelly HG, Liu Y, Tilmanis D, Hurt AC, Yewdell JW, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Subdominance and poor intrinsic immunogenicity limit humoral immunity targeting the influenza HA stem. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2018 doi.org/10.1172/JCI123366

271. Jegaskanda S, Vanderven HA, Tan HX, Alcantara S, Wragg K, Parsons MS, Chung AW, Juno JA, Kent SJ. Influenza infection enhances antibody-mediated NK cell functions via Type I interferon dependent pathways.J Virol 2018;5:e02090-18

270. Anand SP, Prévost J, Baril S, Richard J, Medjahed H, Chapleau J-P, Tolbert W, Kirk S, Smith A, Wines B, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM, Parsons MS, Pazgier M, Finzi A. Two families of Env antibodies efficiently engage Fc-gamma receptors and eliminate HIV-1-infected cells. J Virol 2018 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01823-18

269. Kent SJ, Flexner C. Ageing and patients with chronic HIV infection. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2018;15:22 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-018-0211-1

268. Juno JA, Phetsouphanh C, Klenerman P, Kent SJ. Perturbation of MAIT and iNKT cells in HIV infection. Current Opinion in HIV/AIDS. 2018 2019;14:77-84

267. Parsons MS, Kristensen AB, Lee WS, Amarasena T, Khoury G, Wheatley AK, Reynaldi A, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ. Fc-dependent functions are redundant to efficacy of anti-HIV antibody PGT121 in macaques. Journal of Clinical Investigation 2018 doi.org/10.1172/JCI122466. See editorial by Forthal and FInzi here.

266. Davenport MD, Khoury D, Cromer D, Lewin SR, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ. Functional cure of HIV: The scale of the challenge. Nature Reviews Immunology 2018 doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0085-4

265. Chen L, Glass JJ De Rose R, Sperling C, Kent SJ, Houston Z, Fletcher N, Rolfe B, Thurecht K. The influence of charge on hemocompatibility and immunoreactivity of polymeric nanoparticles. ACS Applied Bio Materials 2018;1:756-767.

264. Kent SJ, Hough S, Kelleher AD, Law MG, Hutchinson J, Catalfamo M, van Bockel D, Lane C, Baker JV, Emery S for the ADVICE study group. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of vorapaxar for HIV associated inflammation and coagulopathy – the ADVICE study. Lancet HIV; 2018 doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30214-5. See also accompanying editorial here.

263. Parsons MS, Chung AW, Kent SJ. Importance of Fc-mediated functions of anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. Retrovirology; 2018;15:58.

262. Lopez E, Shattock RJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. The multi-faceted nature of Immunoglobulin A and its complex role in HIV. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses; 2018;34:727-738.

261. Faria M, Björnmalm M, Thurecht K, Kent SJ, Parton R, Kavallaris M, Johnston APR, Gooding J, Corrie S, Boyd BJ, Thordarson P, Whittaker A, Stevens M, Prestidge C, Porter C, Parak W, Davis T, Crampin E, Caruso F. Minimum Information Reporting in Bio–Nano Experimental Literature. Nature Nanotechnology; 2018;13:777-785.

260. Anania JC, Trist HM, Palmer CS, Tan PS, Kouskousis BP, Chenoweth AM, Kent SJ, Hoi H, Mackay GA, Koelmeyer R, Slade C, Bryant VL, Hodgkin PD, Aui PM, van Zelm MC, Wines BD, Hogarth PM. The human Fc-gamma-RIIa3 associated with anaphylaxis in immunoglobulin replacement therapy exhibits distinct characteristics from the canonical Fc-gamma-RIIa1. Frontiers in Immunology 2018:9:1809 doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.01809

259. Cheeseman HM, Day S, McFarlane LR, Fleck S, Miller A, Cole T, Sousa-Santos N, Cope AV, Cizmeci D, Tolazzi M, Hwekwete E, Hannaman D, Kratochvil S, McKay PF, Chung AW, Kent SJ, Cook A, Scarlatti G, Abraham S, Combadiere B, McCormack S, Lewis DJ, Shattock RJ. Combined Skin and Muscle DNA Priming Provides Enhanced Humoral Responses to an HIV-1 Clade C Envelope Vaccine. Human Gene Therapy. 2018:29:1011-1028.

258. Vanderven HA, Wragg K, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Kristensen AB, Jegaskanda S, Wheatley AK, Wentworth D, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Rockman S, INSIGHT FLU005 Pilot Study Writing Group, Kent SJ. Anti-influenza hyperimmune immunoglobulin enhances Fc-functional antibody immunity during human influenza infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases; 2018 doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy328.

257. Parsons MS, Le Grand R, Kent SJ. Utility of broadly neutralizing antibodies to prevent cell-associated HIV-1 infection. Viruses 2018;10:333. doi.org/10.3390/v10060333

256. Bangaru S, Zhang H, Gilchuk IM, Voss TG, Irving RP, Gilchuk P, Matta P, Zhu X, Lang S, Nieusma T, Richt JA, Albrecht RA, Vanderven HA, Bombardi R, Kent SJ, Ward AB, Wilson IA, Crowe JE. A human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that targets a unique conserved epitope on influenza HA exploits multiple antiviral strategies. Nature Communications 2018;9:2669.

255. Juno JA, Waruk JLM, Wragg KM, Mesa C, Lopez C, Joe Bueti J, Kent SJ, Ball TB, Kiazyk SA. MAIT cells are depleted and exhibit altered chemokine receptor expression and elevated GM-CSF production during end stage renal disease. Frontiers in Immunology 2018;9:1076.

254. Carroll TD, Jegaskanda S, Matzinger SR, Fritts L, McChesney MB, Kent SJ, Fairman J, Miller CJ. A lipid/DNA adjuvant-inactivated influenza virus vaccine protects rhesus macaques from uncontrolled virus replication after heterosubtypic influenza A virus challenge. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2018; doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy238/4986227.

253. Worley MJ, Fei K, Lopez-Denman AJ, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ, Chung AW. Neutrophils mediate HIV-specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis and ADCC. J Immunol Methods 2018;457:41-52.

252. Wang M, Gustafsson O, Siddiqui G, Javed I, Kelly H, Blin T, Yin H, Kent SJ, Creek D, Kempe K, Ke PC, Davis T. Human plasma proteome association and cytotoxicity of nano-graphene oxide grafted with stealth polyethylene glycol and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline). Nanoscale 2018; doi.org/10.1039/c8nr00835c.

251. Rasmussen TA, McMahon JH, Chang JJ, Audsley J, Rhodes A, Tennakoon S, Dantanarayana A, Spelman T, Schmidt T, Kent SJ, Morcilla V, Palmer S, Elliott JH, Lewin SR. The effect of antiretroviral intensification with dolutegravir on residual virus replication in HIV infected individuals: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind clinical trial. The Lancet HIV 2018; Published online April 8, 2018; doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30040-7

250. Kristensen AB, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Contribution of NK cell education to both direct and anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent NK cell functions. Journal of Virology 2018;92:e02146-17

249. Ramarathinam SH, Gras S, Alcantara S, Yeung A, Mifsud NA, Sonza S, Illing PT, Center RJ, Thomas S, Kent SJ, Ternette N, Purcell DFJ, Rossjohn J, Purcell AW. Identification of native and post-translationally modified HLA-B*57:01-restricted HIV envelope derived epitopes using immunoproteomics. Proteomics 2018;18:1700253 doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201700253

248. Catton M, Gray G, Griffin D, Hasegawa H, Kent SJ, Mackenzie J, McSweegan E, Mercer N, Wang L. 2017 International Meeting of the Global Virus Network. Antiviral Research 2018; 153: 60-69.

247. Koutsakos M, Wheatley AK, Loh L, Clemens EB, Sant S, Nüssing S, Fox. A., Chung AW, Laurie KL, Hurt AC, Rockman S, Lappas M, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Westall GP, Elliot M, Tangye SG, Wakim LM, Kent SJ, Nguyen THO and Kedzierska K. Circulating Tfh cells, serological memory and tissue compartmentalization shape human influenza-specific B cell immunity. Science Translational Medicine 2018; 10:eaan8405.

246. Parsons MS, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. HIV reactivation after partial protection by neutralizing antibodies. Trends in Immunology 2018;39:359-366

245. Kratochvil S, MacKay PF, Chung AW, Kent SJ, Gilmore J, Shattock RJ. IgG1 allotype influences antibody subclass abundance in response to HIV gp140 vaccination. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: 1883.

244. Lee WS, Kent SJ. Anti-HIV-1 ADCC: is there more to antibodies than neutralization? Current Opinion in HIV/AIDS 2018; 13: 160-166.

243. Kent SJ, Chung AW. A Role for Fc-Mediated Humoral Immunity in Reducing HIV Transmission Rates between HIV Serodiscordant Heterosexual Couples. EBiomedicine 2017; 26: 2-3.

242. Vanderven HA, Jegaskanda S, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Carmuglia S, Rockman S, Chung AW, Kent SJ. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination in the elderly. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017; 217: 12-23.

241. Cromer D, Pinkevych M, Rasmussen T, Lewin S, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Modelling of anti-latency treatment in HIV; What is the optimal duration of anti-retroviral-free HIV remission? J Virol 2017: 91(24): e01395-17.

240. Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Johnston APR, Hogarth PM, Wines BD, Barr I, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) responses following trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination of younger and older adults. Vaccine 2017; 35: 6451–6458.

239. Song D, Cui J, Sun H, Nguyen TH, Alcantara S, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Porter CJH, Caruso F. Templated Polymer Replica Nanoparticles to Facilitate Assessment of Material-Dependent Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. 2017; 9: 33683-33694..

238. Tan HX, Wheatley AK, Glass JJ, Masopust D, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Induction of Vaginal Resident HIV-specific CD8 T-cells with Mucosal Prime-Boost Immunisation. Mucosal Immunology 2017; doi:10.1038/mi.2017.89.

237. Lloyd SB, Niven KP, Kiefel BR, Montefiori DC, Reynaldi A, Davenport MP, Kent SJ, Winnall WR. Exploration of broadly neutralizing antibody fragments produced in bacteria for the control of HIV. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2017; 13(11): 2726-2737.

236. Madhavi V, Wines BD, Amin J, Emery S, ENCORE1 Study Group, Lopez E, Kelleher A, Sydney LTNP Study Group, Center RG, Hogarth PM, Chung AW, Kent SJ, Stratov I. HIV-1 Env- and Vpu-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses associated with elite control of HIV. J Virology 2017: 91(18): 1-16.

235. Lee WS, Kristensen AB, Rasmussen TA, Tolstrup M, Østergaard L, Søgaard OS, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Reynaldi A, Davenport M, Emery S, Amin J, Cooper DA, Kan V, Fox J, Grüll H, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. Anti-HIV-1 ADCC antibodies following latency reversal and treatment interruption. Journal of Virology 2017; 91: e00603.

234. Vanderven HA, Liu L, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Nguyen TH, Wan Y, Wines B, Hogarth PM, Tilmanis D, Reynaldi A, Parsons MS, Hurt AC, Davenport MP, Kotsimbos T, Cheng AC, Kedzierska K, Zhang X, Xu J, Kent SJ. Fc functional antibodies during severe human H7N9 and seasonal influenza. JCI Insight 2017; 2: e92750.

233. Mclean MR, Madhavi V, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Chung A, Kent SJ. Dimeric Fcγ receptor ELISA to study HIV-specific antibodies: a new look into breadth of Fcγ receptor antibodies induced by the RV144 vaccine trial. The Journal of Immunology 2017; 199: 816-26.

232. Glass JJ, Chen L, Alcantara S, Crampin EJ, Thurecht KJ, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Charge has a marked influence on hyperbranched polymer nanoparticle association in whole human blood. ACS Macro Letters 2017; 6: 586-592.

231. Parsons MS, Lloyd SB, Lee WS, Kristensen AB, Amarasena T, Center RJ, Keele BF, Lifson JD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori D, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Swiderek KM, Venturi V, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Partial efficacy of a broadly neutralizing antibody against cell-associated SHIV infection. Science Translational Medicine 2017; 09 Aug; 9(402): eaaf1483 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1483. See Abstract. See Full Text. For Reprint.

230. Kratochvil S, McKay PF, Kopycinski JT, Bishop C, Hayes PJ, Muir L, Pinder CL, Cizmeci D, King D, Aldon Y, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Chung AW, Kent SJ, Held K, Geldmacher C, Dally L, Santos NS, Cole T, Gilmour J, Fidler S, Shattock RJ. A Phase I HIV vaccine trial for cross-profiling the kinetics of serum and mucosal antibody responses to CN54gp140 modulated by two homologous prime-boost vaccine regimens. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: 595.

229. Jegaskanda S, Vanderven HA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Fc or not Fc; that is the question: Antibody Fc-receptor interactions are key to universal influenza vaccine design. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2017; ePub: 1-9.

228. Rasmussen TA, McMahon J, Chang JJ, Symons J, Roche M, Dantanarayana A, Okoye A, Hiener B, Palmer S, Lee WS, Kent SJ, Van Der Weyden C, Prince HM, Cameron PU, Lewin SR. Impact of alemtuzumab on HIV persistence in an HIV-infected individual on antiretroviral therapy with Sezary syndrome. AIDS 2017; 31: 1839-45.

227. Zaunders J, Xu Y, Kent SJ, Koelsch KK, Kelleher AD. Divergent expression of CXCR5 and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells and the paradoxical accumulation of T follicular helper cells during HIV infection. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: Article 495.

226. Rockman S, Lowther S, Camuglia S, Vandenberg K, Taylor S, Fabri L, Miescher S, Pearse M, Middleton D, Kent SJ, Maher D. Intravenous immunoglobulin protects against severe pandemic influenza infection. EBioMedicine 2017; 19: 119-27.

225. Glass JJ, Li Y, De Rose R, Johnston A, Czuba E, Khor SY, Quinn J, Whittaker M, Davis T, Kent SJ. Thiol-Reactive Star Polymers display enhanced association with distinct human blood components. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2017; 9: 12182-94.

224. Wines BD, Billings H, Mclean MR, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM. HIV-specific ADCC - new technologies to study ADCC and importance for the HIV vaccine field. Current HIV Research 2017; 15: 202-15.

223. Kent SJ. HIV Vaccine Approaches. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0021550.pub3.

222. Madhavi V, Kulkarni A, Shete A, Lee WS, Mclean MR, Kristensen AB, Ghate M, Wines BD, Hogarth PM, Parsons MS, Kelleher AD, Cooper DA, Amin J, Emery S, Thakar M, Kent SJ. Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on HIV-1-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses in subtype B- and subtype C-infected cohorts. J AIDS 2017; 75: 345-353.

221. Kent SJ, Kelleher AD. Expanding role for Type I Interferons in restricting HIV growth. Immunology and Cell Biology 2017; 95: 417-18.

220. Petravic J, Rasmussen TA, Lewin SR, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Relationship between measures of HIV reactivation and the decline of latent reservoir under latency-reversing agents. J Virol 2017; 91: e02092-16.

219. Xu Y, Phetsouphanh C, Suzuki K, Aggarwal A, Graff-Dubois S, Roche M, Bailey M, Alcantara S, Flanagan S, Cash K, Siva R, Koelsch KK, Autran B, Harvey R, Gorry PR, Moris A, Cooper DA, Turville S, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J. HIV-1 and SIV predominantly use CCR5 expressed on a precursor population to establish infection in T follicular helper cells. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: Article 376.

218. Juno JA, van Bockel D, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD, Zaunders JJ, Munier CM. Cytotoxic CD4 T cells - friend or foe during viral infection? Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: Article 19.

217. Gause KT, Wheatley AK, Cui J, Yan Y, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Immunological principles guiding the rational design of particles for vaccine delivery. ACS Nano 2017; 11: 54-68.

216. Kulkarni A, Kurle S, Shete A, Ghate M, Godbole S, Madhavi V, Kent SJ, Paranjape R, Thakar M. Indian long-term non-progressors show broad ADCC responses with preferential recognition of V3 region of Envelope and a region of Tat protein. Frontiers in Immunology 2017; 8: 5.

215. Vanderven HA, Jegaskanda S, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and influenza virus. Current Opinion in Virology 2017; 22: 89-96.

214. Selva KJ, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Modulation of innate and adaptive cellular immunity relevant to HIV-1 vaccine design by seminal plasma. AIDS 2017; 31: 333-42.

213. Pinkevych M, Kent SJ, Tolstrup M, Lewin SR, Cooper DA, Søgaard OS, Rasmussen TA, Kelleher AD, Cromer D, Davenport MP. Modeling of experimental data supports HIV reactivation from latency after treatment interruption on average once every 5-8 days. Plos Pathogens 2016; 12: e1005740

212. Parsons MS, Richard J, Lee WS, Vanderven H, Grant MD, Finzi A, Kent SJ. NKG2D acts as a co-receptor for natural killer cell-mediated anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2016; 32: 1089-96.

211. Munier CML, van Bockel D, Bailey M, Ip S, Xu Y, Alcantara S, Liu SM, Denyer G, Kaplan W, PHIIDO Study group, Suzuki K, Croft N, Purcell A, Tscharke D, Cooper DA, Kent SJ, Zaunders JJ, Kelleher AD. The primary immune response to Vaccinia virus vaccination includes cells with a distinct cytotoxic effector CD4 T-cell phenotype. Vaccine 2016; 34: 5251-61.

210. Mann SK, Dufour A, Glass JJ, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Such GK, Johnston APR. Tuning the properties of pH responsive nanoparticles to control cellular interactions in vitro and ex vivo. Polymer Chemistry 2016; 7: 6015-24.

209. Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Twist in the Tail: Escape from HIV neutralising antibodies at a single site confers broad susceptibility to others. EBioMedicine 2016; 12: 14-15.

208. Wines BD, Vanderven HA, Esparon SE, Kristensen AB, Kent SJ, Hogarth PM. Dimeric FcγR ectodomains as probes of the Fc-receptor function of anti-Influenza Virus IgG. The Journal of Immunology 2016; 197: 1507-16.

207. Wheatley AK, Kristensen AB, Lay WN, Kent SJ. HIV-dependent depletion of influenza-specific memory B cells may impacts B cell responsiveness to seasonal influenza immunisation. Scientific Reports 2016; 6: 26478.

206. Vanderven HA, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Jegaskanda S, Rockman S, Laurie K, Barr I, Chen W, Wines B, Hogarth PM, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. What lies beneath: Antibody dependent natural killer cell activation by antibodies to internal influenza virus proteins. Ebiomedicine 2016; 8: 277-90.

205. Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Vanderven H, Jegaskanda S, Johnston APR, Rockman S, Laurie K, Barr I, Reading P, Lichtfuss M, Kent SJ. Influenza-specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Plos One 2016; 11: e0154461 .

204. Kristensen AB, Lay WN, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Vanderven HA, Madhavi V, Laurie KL, Carolan L, Wines BD, Hogarth M, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Antibody responses with Fc-mediated functions after vaccination of HIV-infected subjects with trivalent influenza vaccine. Journal of Virology 2016; 90: 5724-34.

203. Kent SJ, Kim JH. HIV vaccines moving forward. Current Opinion HIV AIDS; 11: 545.

202. Gooneratne SL, Center RJ, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Functional advantage of educated KIR2DL1(+) natural killer cells for anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent activation. Clinical & Experimental Immunology 2016; 184: 101-9.

201. Glass JJ, Yuen D, Rae J, Johnston APR, Parton RG, Kent SJ, De Rose R. Human immune cell targeting of protein nanoparticles – caveospheres. Nanoscale 2016; 8: 8255-65.

200. Glass JJ, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Enhancing dendritic cell activation and HIV vaccine effectiveness through nanoparticle vaccination. Expert Review of Vaccines 2016; 15: 719-29.

199. Beck SE, Queen SE, Viscidi R, Johnson D, Kent SJ, Adams RJ, Tarwater PM, Mankowski JL. Central nervous system-specific consequences of simian immunodeficiency virus Gag escape from major histocompatibility complex class I-mediated control. J Neurovirol 2016; 22: 498-507.

198. Lloyd SB, Lichtfuss M, Amarasena TH, Alcantara S, De Rose R, Tachedjian G, Alinejad-Rokny H, Venturi V, Davenport MP, Winnall WR, Kent SJ. High fidelity simian immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase mutants have impaired replication in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2016; 492: 1-10.

197. Tan HX, Gilbertson BP, Jegaskanda S, Alcantara S, Amarasena T, Stambas J, McAuley JL, Kent SJ, De Rose R. Recombinant Influenza Virus Expressing HIV-1 p24 Capsid Protein Induces Mucosal HIV-specific CD8 T-cell Responses. Vaccine 2016; 34: 1172-9.

196. Lee WS, Richard J, Lichtfuss M, Smith AB, Park J, Courter JR, Melillo BN, Sodroski JG, Kaufmann DE, Finzi A, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity against reactivated HIV-1-infected cells. J Virol 2015; 90: 2021-30.

195. Parsons MS, Kent SJ. Paradox of protection: Preferential recognition of CD4-induced epitopes by anti-HIV-1 ADCC antibodies (Commentary). Ebiomedicine 2015; 2: 1298-9.

194. Kent SJ. Eradication and cure of HIV (Chapter 105). In Infectious Diseases, 2017 (4^th edition, Editors Cohen, Powderly and Opal; Elsevier). pp 931-35.

193. Kent SJ*. That last knoll. Wild 2015; 150: 32-36. (*This is an article on bushwalking not a scientific article! Enjoy!).

192. Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Prospects for antibody-based universal influenza vaccines in the context of widespread pre-existing immunity. Expert Review of Vaccines 2015; 14: 1227-1239.

191. Parsons MS, Madhavi V, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Center RJ, Wilson KM, Bunupuradah T, Ruxrungtham K, Kent SJ. Seminal plasma anti-HIV antibodies trigger antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: Implications for HIV transmission. J AIDS 2016; 71: 17-23.

190. Tan HX, Kent SJ, De Rose R. Contemporary HIV vaccines: tissue resident T-cells and strategies to prevent mucosal infection. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2015; 16: 1107-17.

189. Pinkevych M, Cromer D, Tolstrup M, Grimm AJ, Cooper DA, Lewin SR, Søgaard OS, Rasmussen TA, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD, Davenport MP. HIV Reactivation from Latency after Treatment Interruption Occurs on Average Every 5-8 Days—Implications for HIV Remission. Plos Pathogens 2015; 11: e1005000.

188. Lee WS, Parsons MS, Kent SJ, Lichtfuss M. Can HIV-1-specific ADCC assist the clearance of reactivated latently infected cells? Frontiers in Immunololgy 2015; 6: Article 265.

187. Martyushev AP, Petravic J, Grimm AJ, Alinejad-Rokny H, Gooneratne SL, Reece JC, Cromer D, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cell Kinetics Rather than Viral Variability Determine the Timing of Immune Escape in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Immunol 2015; 194: 4112-21.

186. Kent SJ. Trying to cure HIV with immunotherapy: not so simple (commentary). The Lancet HIV 2015; 2: e72-3.

185. Insight Start Study Group (Kent SJ Investigator). Initiation of Antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 795-807.

184. Tang C-C, Isitman G, Bruneau J, Tremblay C, Bernard NF, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Phenotypical and functional profiles of natural killer cells exhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-mediated CD16 cleavage after anti-HIV antibody-dependent activation. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2015; 181: 275-85.

183. Cui J, De Rose R, Alt K, Alcantar S, Paterson B, Liang K, Hu M, Richardso, JJ, Yan Y, Jeffery C, Price R, Peter K, Hagemeyer C, Donnelly P, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Engineering Poly(ethylene glycol) Particles for Improved Biodistribution. ACS Nano 2015; 9: 1571-80.

182. Winnall WR, Lloyd SB, De Rose R, Alcantara S, Amarasena TH, Hedger MP, Girling JE, Kent SJ. Simian immunodeficiency virus infection and immune responses in the pig-tailed macaque testis. J Leuk Biol 2015; 97: 599-609.

181. Li J, Ahmet F, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG, Kent SJ, De Rose R, Salazar AM, Reis e Sousa C, Shortman K, Lahoud MH, Heath WR, Caminschi I. Antibodies targeting Clec9A promote strong humoral immunity without adjuvant in mice and non-human primates. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45: 854-64.

180. Kramski M, Stratov I, Kent SJ. The role of HIV-specific ADCC in HIV prevention and the influence of the HIV-1 Vpu protein. AIDS 2015; 29: 137-44.

179. Gooneratne S, Richard J, Lee WS, Finzi A, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Slaying the Trojan horse: Natural killer cells exhibit robust anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent activation and cytolysis against allogeneic T-cells. J Virol 2015; 89: 97-109.

178. Gooneratne S, Alinejad-Rokny H, Ebrahimi D, Bohn PS, Wiseman RW, O'Connor DH, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Linking pig-tailed macaque major histocompatibility complex class I haplotypes and cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape mutations in SIV infection. J Virol 2014; 88: 14310-25.

177. Petravic J, Martyushev A, Reece JC, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Modeling the timing of anti-latency drug administration during HIV treatment. J Virol 2014; 88: 14050-6.

176. Fernandez CS, Amarasena T, Kelleher AD, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J, Godfrey DI, Kent SJ. MAIT cells are depleted early but retain functional cytokine expression in HIV infection. Immunology and Cell Biology 2014; doi: 10.1038/icb.2014.91.

175. Parsons MS, Loh L, Gooneratne S, Center RJ, Kent SJ. Role of education and differentiation in determining the potential of NK cells to respond to antibody-dependent stimulation. AIDS. 2014; 28: 2781-8.

174. Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Tentative steps to eradicate latent HIV (commentary). The Lancet HIV. 2014; 1: e2-3.

173. Madhavi V, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Jegaskanda S, Center RJ, Winnall WR, Parsons MS, Ananworanich J, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Hsu D, Pett S, Stratov I, Kramski M, Kent SJ. Antibody-dependent effector functions against HIV decline in subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2015; 211: 529-38.

172. Florek N, Weinfurter J, Jegaskanda S, Brewoo J, Powell T, Young G, Das S, Hatta M, Broman K, Hungnes O, Dudman S, Kawaoka Y, Kent SJ, Stinchcomb D, Osorio J, Friedrich T. Modified vaccinia Ankara encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin induces heterosubtypic immunity in macaques. J Virol 2014; 88: 13418-28

171. Stratov I, Kent SJ. Antiretroviral therapy initiation in an Australian cohort - implications for increased use of antiretroviral therapy. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2015; 34: 253-259.

170. Jegaskanda S, Vandenberg K, Laurie KL, Loh L, Kramski M, Winnall WR, Kedzierska K, Rockman S, Kent SJ. Cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in intravenous immunoglobulin as a potential therapeutic against emerging influenza viruses. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014: 210: 1811-1822.

169. Jegaskanda S, Ahn SH, Skinner N, Thompson A, Ngyuen T, Holmes J, De Rose R, Navis N, Winnall WR, Kramski M, Bernardi G, Bayliss J, Colledge D, Sozzi V, Visvanathan K, Locarnini S, Kent SJ, and Revill P. Down-regulation of IL-18 mediated cell signalling and IFN-γ expression by the hepatitis B virus e antigen. J Virol 2014; 88: 10412-30.

168. De Rose R, Kent SJ, Ranasinghe C. Prime-boost vaccination: Impact on the HIV vaccine field. (Book Chapter). In Novel Approaches and Strategies for Biologics, Vaccines and Cancer Therapies. (eds Singh and Salnikov) Elsevier 2015, pp 289-313.

167. Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Johnston APR, Liu H, Center RJ, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungal J, Kim JH, Michael NL, Kelleher AD, Stratov I, Kent SJ, Kramski M. HIV-specific antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) matures during HIV infection. Immunology and Cell Biology 2014; 92: 679–687.

166. Madhavi V, Wren LH, Center RJ, Gonelli C, Winnall WR, Parsons MS, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Breadth of HIV-specific ADCC - Relevance to global HIV vaccine design. AIDS 2014; 28: 1859-70.

165. Winnall WR, Beasley MD, Center RJ, Parsons MS, Kiefel BR, Kent SJ. The maturation of antibody technology for the HIV epidemic. Immunology and Cell Biology 2014; 92: 570-77.

164. Jegaskanda S, Reading PC, Kent SJ. Influenza-specific ADCC – towards universal influenza vaccines. J Immunol 2014; 193: 469-75.

163. Fernandez CS, Kelleher, AD, Finlayson,R Godfrey DI, Kent SJ. NKT cell depletion in humans during early HIV-1 infection. Immunology and Cell Biology 2014; 92: 578-90.

162. Reece JC, Martyushev A, Petravic J, Grimm A, Gooneratne S, Amaresena T, De Rose R, Loh L, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Measuring turnover of SIV DNA in resting CD4+ T cells using pyrosequencing: implications for the timing of HIV eradication therapies. Plos One 2014; 9: e93330.

161. Trist HM, Tan PS, Wines BD, Ramsland PA, Orlowski E, Stubbs J, Gardiner EE, Pietersz GA, Kent SJ, Stratov I, Burton DR, Hogarth PM. Polymorphisms and Interspecies Differences of the activating and inhibitory FcγRII of Macaque nemestrina Influence the Binding of Human IgG Subclasses. J Immunol 2014; 192: 792-803.

160. Parsons MS, Tang C-C, Jegaskanda S, Center RJ, Brooks AG, Stratov I, Kent SJ. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity impairs natural killer cell NKp46 expression. J Immunol 2014; 192: 308-315.

159. Jegaskanda S, Amarasena T, Laurie KL, Tan H-X, Butler J, Parsons MS, Alcantara S, Petravic J, Davenport MP, Hurt A, Reading PC, Kent SJ. Standard trivalent influenza protein vaccination does not prime antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in macaques. J Virol 2013; 87: 13706-18.

158. Lloyd SB, Kent SJ, Winnall WR. The high cost of fidelity. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2014; 30: 8-16.

157. Kent SJ. Towards Improved Influenza vaccines (editorial). Journal of Infectious Diseases 2014; 209: 4-5.

156. De Rose R, Fernandez CS, Hedger MP, Kent SJ, Winnall WR. Characterisation of macaque testicular leukocyte populations and T-lymphocyte immunity. J Reproductive Immunology 2013; 100: 146-156.

155. Wren L, Stratov I, Kent SJ, Parsons MS. Obstacles to ideal anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses. Vaccine 2013; 47: 5506-17.

154. Kramski M, Parsons MS, Stratov I, Kent SJ. HIV-specific antibody immunity mediated through NK cells and monocytes. Current HIV Research. 2013; 11: 388-406.

153. Munier CM, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ, De Rose R. The role of T cell immunity in HIV infection. Current Opinion in Virology 2013; 3: 438-46.

152. Yu X, Fernandez CS, Alcantara S, Bailey M, De Rose R, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J, Kent SJ. Serial study of lymph node cell subsets using fine needle aspiration in pigtail macaques. J Immunol Methods 2013; 394: 73-83.

151. Lim CK, Yap MMC, Kent SJ, Batten CJ, De Rose R, Heng B, Brew B, Guillemin GJ. Characterization of the Kynurenine Pathway and Quinolinic Acid Production in Simian Macrophages. International Journal of Tryptophan Res 2013; 6: 7-19.

150. Fernandez CS, Jegaskanda S, Godfrey DI, Kent SJ. In-vivo stimulation of macaque NKT cells with α- Galactosylceramide. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 2013; 173: 480-92.

149. Cui J, De Rose R, Best JP, Johnston APR, Alcantara S, Liang K, Such GK, Kent SJ, Caruso F. Mechanically tunable, self-adjuvanting nanoengineered polypeptide particles. Advanced Materials 2013; 25: 3468-72 .

148. Jegaskanda S, Laurie K, Amarasena T, Winnall WR, Kramski M, De Rose R, Barr IG, Brooks A, Reading PC, Kent SJ. Age-associated cross-reactive ADCC toward 2009-pandemic influenza. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2013; 208:1051-61 .

147. Jegaskanda S, Weinfurter JT, Friedrich TC, Kent SJ. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies associated with control of pandemic H1N1 influenza infection of macaques. J Virol 2013; 87: 5512-22.

146. Kent SJ, Reece JC, Petravic J, Martyushev A, Kramski M, De Rose R, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD, Emery S, Cameron PU, Lewin SR, Davenport MP. The search for an HIV cure. Lancet ID 2013; 13: 614-21.

145. Major LD, Partridge TS, Gardner J, Kent SJ, De Rose R, Suhrbier A, Schroder WA. Induction of SerpinB2 and Th1/Th2 modulation by SerpinB2 during lentiviral infections in vivo. Plos One 2013; 8: e57343.

144. Reece JC, Alcantara S, Gooneratne S, Amarasena T, Fernandez CS, Laurie K, Hurt A, O'Connor S, Harris M, Petravic J, Martyushev A, Grimm A, Davenport MP, Stambas J, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Trivalent live attenuated Influenza-SIV vaccines: efficacy and evolution of CTL escape in macaques. J Virol 2013; 87: 4146-60.

143. Xu Y, Weatherall C, Bailey M, Alcantara S, De Rose R, Estaquier J, Wilson K, Suzuki K, Corbeil J, Cooper DA, Kent SJ, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J. SIV Infects Follicular Helper CD4 T cells in Lymphoid Tissues During Pathogenic Infection of Pigtail Macaques. J Virol 2013; 87: 3760-3773.

142. Madhavi V, Navis M, Chung AW, Isitman G, Wren LH, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Activation of NK cells by HIV-specific ADCC antibodies - role for granulocytes in presenting peptide epitopes. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 2013; 9: 1-9.

141. Parsons MS, Center RJ, Routy J-P, Rouleau D, LeBLanc R, Wainberg MA, Tremblay CL, Kent SJ, Bernard NF. Antibody responses to HIV Envelope from infections with multiple viral types and subtypes utilize the 1F7-idiotypic repertoire. AIDS Res Human Retro 2013; 29: 778-793.

140. Jegaskanda S, Job ER, Kramski M, Laurie K, Isitman G, De Rose R, Winnall WR, Stratov I, Brooks A, Reading PC, Kent SJ. Cross-reactive influenza-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) antibodies in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. J Immunol 2013; 190: 1837-1848.

139. French MA, Center RJ, Wilson KM, Fleyfel I, Fernandez S, Schorcht A, Stratov I, Kramski M,Kent SJ, Kelleher AD . Isotype switched IgG antibodies to HIV Gag proteins may provide alternative or additional immune responses to 'protective' HLA-B alleles in HIV controllers. AIDS 2013; 27: 519-528.

138. Stratov I, Denholm J, Kent SJ. Azithromycin – more lethal than chloramphenicol? Sexual Health 2013; 10: 179-82.

137. Wren L, Chung A, Isitman G, Kelleher AD, Parsons MS, Amin J, Cooper DA, Stratov I, Navis M, Kent SJ. Specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses associated with slow progression of HIV infection. Immunology 2013; 138: 116-123

136. Madhavi V, Kent SJ, Stratov I.HIV-specific Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity: a Novel Vaccine Modality. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 2012; 8: 767-74.

135. Kramski M, Schorcht A, Johnston APR, Lichtfuss G, De Rose R, Jegaskanda S, Stratov I, Kelleher AD, French MA, Center RJ, Jaworowski A, Kent SJ. Role of monocytes in mediating HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Imm Methods 2012; 384: 51-61.

134. Fernandez CS, Cameron G, Godfrey I, Kent SJ. Ex-vivo alpha-Galactosylceramide activation of NKT cells in humans and macaques. J Imm Methods 2012; 382: 150-159.

133. Kramski M, Lichtfuss GF, Navis M, Isitman G, Wren L, Rawlin G, Center RJ, Jaworowski A, Kent SJ, Purcell DF. Anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by hyperimmune bovine colostrum IgG. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42: 2771-81.

132. Wren L, Parsons S, Isitman G, Center RJ, Kelleher AD, Stratov I, Bernard NF, Kent SJ. Influence of cytokines on HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activation profile of natural killer cells. Plos One 2012; 7: e38580.

131. Winnall WR, Sexton A, Roath S, Alcantara S, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Characterisation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected cells in pigtail macaques. Virology 2012; 428: 11-20.

130. Jegaskanda S, Reece J, De Rose R, Stambas J, Sullivan L, Brooks AG, Kent SJ, Sexton A. Comparison of Influenza and SIV specific CD8 T cell responses in macaques. Plos One 2012; 7: e32431.

129. Kent SJ. Loss of control of HIV viremia associated with fat malabsorption drug orlistat. AIDS Res Human Retro 2012; 28: 961-2.

128. Mackay LK, Stock AT, Ma JZ, Jones CM, Kent SJ, Mueller SN, Heath WR, Carbone F, Gephardt T. Long-lived epithelial immunity by tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells in the absence of persisting local antigen presentation. PNAS 2012; 109: 7037-7042.

127. Isitman G, Stratov I, Kent SJ. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity and NK Cell-Driven Immune Escape in HIV Infection: Implications for HIV Vaccine Development. Advances in Virology 2012; e637208.

126. Parsons M, Wren L, Isitman G, Navis M, Stratov I, Bernard N, Kent SJ. HIV infection abrogates the functional advantage of natural killer cells educated through KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 interactions to mediate anti-HIV antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Virol 2012; 86: 4488-95.

125. Reece J, Petravic J, Balamurali M, Loh L, Gooneratne S, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. An ''Escape Clock'' for Estimating the Turnover of SIV DNA in Resting CD4+ T Cells. Plos Pathogens 2012; 8: e1002615.

124. Chung AW, Navis M, Isitman G, Wren L, Silvers J, Amin J, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Activation of NK cells by ADCC antibodies and HIV disease progression. J AIDS 2011; 58: 127–131.

123. Queen SE, Mears BM, Kelly KM, Dorsey JL, Liao Z, Dinoso JB, Gama L, Adams J, Zink MC, Clements JE, Kent SJ, and Mankowski JL. Replication competent SIV Gag escape mutations archived in latent reservoirs during anti-retroviral treatment of SIV-infected macaques. J Virol 2011; 85: 9167-9175.

122. Pitisuttithum P, Rerks-Ngarm S, Chiu J, Kim J, Benenson M, Kent SJ, Tamashiro H, Marique A, Bernstein A, Goyal R, Ditangco RA, Cooper DA, Osmanov S, Mathieson B, Sandstrom E, Esparza J, Hoff R, Shao Y. Accelerating the development of an AIDS vaccine: the AIDS vaccine for Asia Network (Avan). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2011; 42: 1130-46.

121. Johansson SE, Rollman E, Chung AW, Center RJ, Hejdeman B, Stratov I, Hinkula J, Wahren B, Kärre K, Kent SJ, Berg L. NK cell function and antibodies mediating ADCC in HIV-1 infected viremic and controller patients. Viral Immunology 2011; 24: 359-368.

120. Chung AW, Isitman G, Navis M, Kramski M, Center RC, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Immune escape from HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) pressure. PNAS 2011; 108: 7505–10.

119. Fernandez CS, Reece JC, Saepuloh U, De Rose R, Ishkandriati D, O'Connor DH, Wiseman RW, Kent SJ. Screening and confirmatory testing of MHC class I alleles in pigtail macaques. Immunogenetics 2011; 63: 511-21.

118. Isitman G, Chung AW, Navis M, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Pol as a target for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses in HIV-1 infection. Virology 2011; 412: 110-6.

117. Chung AW, Navis M, Isitman G, Center R, Finlayson R, Bloch M, Gelgor L, Kelleher AD,Kent SJ, Stratov I. Activation of NK cells by ADCC responses during early HIV infection. Viral Immunology 2011; 24: 171-5.

116. Wren L, Kent SJ. HIV Vaccine efficacy trials - glimmers of hope and the potential role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Human Vaccines 2011; 7: 466-73.

115. Reece JR, Loh L, Alcantara S, Fernandez CS, Stambas J, Sexton A, De Rose R, Petravic J, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Timing of immune escape linked to success or failure of vaccination. Plos One 2010; 5: e12774

114. Kent SJ, Cooper DA, Vun MC, Shao Y, Zhang L, Ganguly N, Bela B, Tamashiro H, Ditangco R, Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Kink NV, Bernstein A, Osmanov S. AIDS Vaccine for Asia Network (AVAN): Expanding the regional role in developing HIV vaccine. Plos Medicine 2010; 7: e1000331

113. Balamurali B, Petravic J, Loh L, Alcantara S, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. Does cytolysis by CD8+ T cells drive immune escape in SHIV infection? J Immunol 2010; 185: 5093-5101. (Highlighted by the editors in "In this issue").

112. Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Ganguly N, Zhang L, Tamashiro H, Cooper DA, Mean Chhi Vung, Bela B, Ditangco R, Nguyen Van Kinh, Bernstein A, Osmanov S, Mathieson B, Kent SJ, Shao Y. Defining the objectives of the AIDS vaccine for Asia network. Current Opinion in HIV/AIDS 2010; 5: 435-452

111. Isitman G, Navis M, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Designing immunity to HIV: Manipulating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity antibodies. Future Medicine 2009; 3: 633-640.

110. Sexton A, Whitney PG, Chong SF, Zelikin AN, Johnston APR, De Rose R, Brooks AG, Caruso F, Kent SJ. A protective vaccine delivery system for in vivo T cell stimulation using nanoengineered polymer hydrogel capsules. ACS Nano 2009; 3: 3391-3400.

109. Center RJ, Wheatley AK, Campbell SM, Gaeguta AJ, Peut V, Alcantara S, Siebentritt C, Kent SJ, Purcell DFJ. Induction of HIV-1 subtype B and AE-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaques with DNA prime and recombinant gp140 protein boost regimens. Vaccine 2009; 27: 6605-6612.

108. Chong SF, Sexton A, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Zelikin AN, Caruso F. A paradigm for peptide vaccine delivery using viral epitopes encapsulated in degradable polymer hydrogel capsules. Biomaterials 2009; 30: 5178-5186.

107. Zaunders JJ, Munier ML, Seddiki N, Pett S, Ip S, Bailey M, Xu Y, Brown K, Dyer WB, Kim M, de Rose R, Kent SJ, Jiang L, Breit SN, Emery S, Cunningham AL, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD. High levels of human antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood revealed by stimulated co-expression of CD25 and CD134 (OX40). J Immunol 2009; 183: 2827-2836

106. Peut V, Campbell S, Gaeguta A, Center RJ, Wilson K, Alcantara S, Fernandez CS, Purcell DFJ, Kent SJ. Balancing reversion of CTL and neutralizing antibody escape mutations within HIV-1 Env upon transmission. J Virol 2009; 83: 8986-8992.

105. Chang J, Sitrivichayakul S, Avihingsanon A, Thompson AJV, Revill P, Iser D, Slavin J, Buranapraditkun S, Marks P, Matthews G, Cooper DA, Kent SJ, Cameron PU, Sasadeusz J, Desmond P, Locarnini S, Dore GJ, Ruxrungtham K, Lewin SR. Impaired qualityof the HBV-specific T cell response in HIV-1 HBV co-infection. J Viro 2009; 83: 7649-7658.

104. Sexton A, De Rose R, Reece JC, Alcantara S, Loh L, Moffat JM, Laurie K, Hurt A, Doherty PC, Turner SJ,Kent SJ, Stambas J. Evaluation of recombinant Influenza-SIV vaccines in macaques. J Virol 2009; 83: 7619-7628.

103. Alcantara S, Reece JC, Amarasena T, De Rose R, Manitta J, Amin J, Kent SJ. Thrombocytopenia is strongly associated with simian AIDS in pigtail macaques. J AIDS 2009; 51: 374-379.

102. Mason RD, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Differential patterns of immune escape at Tat-specific cytotoxic T cell epitopes in pigtail macaques. Virology 2009; 388: 315-323.

101. Loh L, Reece JC, Fernandez CS, Alcantara S, Center R, Howard J, Purcell DFJ, Balamurali M, Petravic J, Davenport MP,Kent SJ. Complexity of the inoculum determines the rate of reversion of SIV Gag CD8 T cell mutant virus and outcome of infection.PloS Pathogens 2009; 5(4): e1000378.

100. Fernandez CS, Chan AC, Kyparissoudis K, De Rose R, Godfrey DI,Kent SJ. Peripheral NKT cells in SIV-infected macaques. Journal of Virology 2009; 83: 1617-1624.

99. Chung AW, Rollman E, Center RJ, Kent SJ, Stratov I. Rapid degranulation of NK cells following activation by HIV-specific antibodies. Journal of Immunology 2009; 182: 1202-1210.

98. Peut V, Kent SJ. Substantial Envelope-specific CD8 T cell immunity fails to control SIV. Virology 2009; 384: 21-27.

97. Mason RD, Alcantara S, Peut V, Loh L, Lifson JD, De Rose R, Kent SJ. Inactivated SIV-pulsed autologous fresh blood cells as an immunotherapy strategy. Journal of Virology 2009; 83: 1501-1510.

96. De Rose R, Mason RD, Loh L, Peut V, Smith MZ, Fernandez CS, Alcantara S, Amarasena T, Reece J, Seddiki N, Kelleher AD, Zaunders J, Kent SJ. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of peptide-pulsed cellular immunotherapy in macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 2008; 37 (Supp 2): 69-78.

95. Mankowski JL, Queen SE, Fernandez CS, Tarwater PM, Karper JM, Adams RJ, Kent SJ. Natural Host Genetic Resistance to Lentiviral CNS disease: A Neuroprotective MHC Class I Allele to SIV-infected Macaques. PloS ONE 2008; 3(11): e3603. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003603.

94. De Rose R, Zelikin A, Johnston APR, Sexton A, Chong SF, Cortez C, Mulholland W, Caruso F, Kent SJ. Binding, Internalisation and Antigen Presentation of Vaccine-Loaded Nanoengineered Capsules in Blood. Advanced Materials 2008; 20: 4698-4703.

93. Chung A, Rollman E, Johansson S, Kent SJ, Stratov I. The Utility of ADCC responses in HIV infection. Current HIV Research 2008; 6: 515-519.

92. Davenport MP, Loh L, Petravic J, Kent SJ. Rates of HIV immune escape and reversion in HIV: Implications for viral evolution and vaccination. Trends in Microbiology 2008; 16: 561-566.

91. Mason RD, De Rose R, Seddiki N, Kelleher AD, Kent SJ. Low pre-infection levels and loss of central memory CD4+ T cells may predict rapid progression in SIV-infected pigtail macaques. Virology 2008; 381: 11-15.

90. Rollman E, Mason RD, Lin J, Brooks AG, Kent SJ. Protection afforded by live attenuated SIV is associated with rapid killing kinetics of CTLs. Journal of Medical Primatology 2008; 37 (Supp 2): 24-32.

89. De Rose R, Fernandez CS, Loh L, Peut V, Mason RD, Alcantara S, Reece J, Kent SJ. Delivery of immunotherapy with peptide-pulsed blood in macaques. Virology 2008; 378: 201-204.

88. Smith MZ, Asher TE, Venturi V, Davenport MP, Douek DC, Price DA, Kent SJ. Limited maintenance of vaccine-induced SIV-specific CD8 T cell receptor clonotypes after virus challenge. J Virol 2008; 82: 7357-7368.

87. De Rose R, Fernandez CS, Smith MZ, Batten CJ, Alcantara S, Peut V, Rollman E, Loh L, Mason RD, Wilson K, Law MG, Handley AJ, Kent SJ. Control of Viremia and Prevention of AIDS following Immunotherapy of SIV-Infected Macaques with Peptide-Pulsed Blood. PloS Pathogens 2008; 4(5): e1000055. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000055.

86. Rollman E, Turner SJ, Kedzierska K, Kent SJ. Anti-SIV cytolytic molecules in pigtail macaques. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008; 24: 1127-1131.

85. Loh L, Kent SJ. Quantification of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Cytotoxic T Lymhocyte Escape Mutant Viruses. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008; 24: 1067-1072.

84. Stratov I, Chung A, Kent SJ. Robust NK-cell mediated HIV-specific antibody-dependent responses in HIV-infected subjects. J Virol 2008; 82: 5450-5459.

83. Mason RD, De Rose R, Kent SJ. CD4+ T cell subsets: what really counts in preventing HIV disease? Expert Review of Vaccines 2008; 7: 155-158.

82. Petravic J , Loh L, Kent SJ, Davenport MP. CD4+ Target cell availability determines the dynamics of immune escape and reversion in vivo. J Virol 2008; 82: 4091-4101.

81. Kent SJ, De Rose R, Mokhonov VV, Mokhonova EI, Fernandez CS, Alcantara S, Rollman E, Mason RD, Loh L, Peut V, Reece JC, Wang XJ, Wilson KM, Suhrbier A, Khromykh A. Evaluation of recombinant Kunjin replicon SIV vaccines for protective efficacy in macaques. Virology 2008; 374: 528-534.

80. Woollard DJ, Haqshenas G, Dong X, Pratt BF, Kent SJ, Gowans EJ. Virus-Specific T-Cell Immunity Correlates with Control of GB Virus Type B Infection in Marmosets. J Virol 2008; 82: 3054-3060.

79. Loh L, Petravic J, Batten CJ, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Vaccination and timing influence SIV immune escape viral dynamics in vivo. PloS Pathogens 2008; 4(1): e12 doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0040012.

78. Chang JJ, Thompson A, Visvanathan K, Kent SJ, Cameron PU, Wightman F, Bowden S, Desmond P, Locarnini SA, Lewin SR. Th1/Th2 imbalance of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-specific T-cells in the liver of chronic HBV patients associated with liver damage without viral clearance. Hepatology 2007; 46: 1332-1340.

77. Peut V, Kent SJ. Utility of HIV-1 Envelope as a T Cell Immunogen. J Virol 2007; 81: 13125-13134.

76. Rollman E, Smith MZ, Brooks A, Purcell DFJ, Zuber B, Ramshaw IA, Kent SJ. Killing kinetics of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells: implications for HIV vaccine strategies. Journal of Immunology 2007; 179: 4571-4579.

75. Fernandez C , Smith M, Batten C, De Rose R, Reece J, Rollman E, Venturi V, Davenport M, Kent SJ. Vaccine-induced T cells control reversion of AIDS virus immune escape mutants. J Virol 2007; 81: 4137-4144.

74. Shehu-Xhilaga M, Kent SJ, Batten CJ, Ellis S, Van der Meulen J, O'Bryan M, Cameron PU, Lewin SR, Hedger MP. The testis and epididymis are productively infected by SIV and SHIV in juvenile macaques during the post-acute stage of infection. Retrovirology 2007; 4:7.

73. Kent SJ, De Rose R, Rollman E. Drug evaluation: DNA/MVA prime-boost HIV vaccine. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs 2007; 8:159-167.

72. Loh L, Batten CJ, Petravic J, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. In vivo fitness costs of different Gag CD8 T cell escape mutant simian-human immunodeficiency viruses in macaques. J Virol 2007; 81: 5418-22. View supplementary tables .

71. De Rose R, Batten CJ, Smith MZ, Fernandez CS, Peut V, Thomson S, Ramshaw IA, Coupar BE, Boyle DB, Venturi V, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Comparative efficacy of subtype AE simian-human immunodeficiency virus priming and boosting vaccines in pigtail macaques. J Virol 2007; 81: 292-300.

70. Pratt BF, O'Connor DH, Lafont BAP, Mankowski JL, Fernandez CS, Triastuti R, Brooks AG, Kent SJ, Smith MZ. MHC class I allele frequencies in pigtail macaques of diverse origin. Immunogenetics 2006; 58: 995-1001.

69. De Rose, R, Sullivan MT, Dale CJ, Kelleher AD, Emery, S, Cooper DA, Ramshaw IA, Boyle DB, Kent SJ. Dose-response relationship of DNA and recombinant fowlpox virus prime-boost HIV vaccines. Human Vaccines 2006; 2: 134-136.

68. Zaunders J, Dyer WB, Munier ML, Ip S, Liu J, Amyes E, Rawlinson B, De Rose R, Kent SJ, Sullivan JS, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD. D127+ CCR5+ CD38+++ CD4+ Th1 effector cells are an early component of the primary immune response to vaccinia and precede IL-2+ memory CD4+ T cells. J Virol 2006; 80: 10151-10161.

67. Kelleher A, Puls R, Bebbington M, Boyle DB, Ffrench RA, Kent SJ, Law MG, Purcell DFJ, Ramshaw IA, Cooper DA, Emery S. A randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial of DNA prime, recombinant fowlpox virus boost prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1. AIDS 2006; 20: 294-297.

66. Stratov I, Dale CJ Chea S, Montefiori DC, De Rose R, Reece JC,Kent SJ. Characteristics of effective immune control of Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus in pigtail macaques. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2006; 22: 27-32.

65. Batten CJ, De Rose R, Wilson KM, Agy MB, Chea S, Stratov I, Montefiori DC, Kent SJ. Comparative evaluation of simian, simian-human, and human Immunodeficiency virus infection in the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2006; 22: 580-588.

64. Peut V, Kent SJ. Fitness constraints on immune escape from HIV: Implications of Envelope as a target for both HIV-specific T cells and antibody. Current HIV Research 2006; 4: 191-7.

63. Coupar BE, Purcell DF, Thomson SA, Ramshaw IA,Kent SJ, Boyle DB. Fowlpox virus vaccines for HIV and SHIV clinical and pre-clinical trials. Vaccine 2006; 24: 1378-88.

62. Smith MZ, Fernandez CS, Chung A, Dale CJ, De Rose R, Lin J, Brooks AG, Krebs KC, Watkins DI, O'Connor DH, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. The pigtail macaque MHC class I allele Mane-A*10 presents an immundominant SIV Gag epitope: identification, tetramer development and implications of immune escape and reversion. J Med Primatol 2005; 34: 282-93.

61. Kent SJ, Dale CJ, Ranasinghe C, Stratov I, De Rose R, Chea S, Montefiori DC, Thomson S, Ramshaw IA, Coupar BEH, Boyle DB, Law M, Wilson KM, Ramsay AJ. Mucosally-administered Human-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus DNA and fowlpoxvirus-based recombinant vaccines reduce acute phase viral replication in macaques following vaginal challenge with CCR5-tropic SHIVSF162P3. Vaccine 2005; 23: 5009-21.

60. Thomson SA, Jaramillo AB, Shoobridge M, Dunstan KJ, Everett B, Ranasinghe C, Kent SJ, Medveckzy C, Ffrench RA, Ramshaw IA. Development of a Synthetic consensus sequence scrambled antigen HIV-1 vaccine designed for global use. Vaccine 2005; 23: 4647-57.

59. Kent SJ, Fernandez CS, Dale CJ, Davenport MP. Reversion of immune escape HIV variants upon transmission: insights into effective viral immunity. Trends in Microbiology 2005; 13: 243-6.

58. Stratov I, Dale CJ, Chea S, McCluskey J, Kent SJ. Induction of T-cell immunity to antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV-1. Journal of Virology 2005; 79: 7728-39.

57. Fernandez CS, Stratov I, De Rose R, Walsh K, Dale CJ, Smith MZ, Agy MB, Hu S-L, Krebs K, Watkins DI, O'Connor DH, Davenport MP, Kent SJ. Rapid viral escape at an immunodominant SHIV CTL epitope exacts a dramatic fitness cost. Journal of Virology 2005; 79: 5721-31.

56. Stratov I, Dale CJ, Kent SJ. Phenotypic and kinetic analysis of effective Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-specific T-cell responses in DNA and Fowlpoxvirus vaccinated macaques. Virology 2005; 337: 222-234.

55. De Rose R, Taylor EL, Law M, Van der Meide PH, Kent SJ. Granulocyte contamination dramatically inhibits spot formation in AIDS virus-specific ELISpot assays: analysis and strategies to ameliorate. Journal of Immunological Methods 2005; 279: 177-86.

54. Pamungkas J, De Rose R, Iskandriati D, Noviana R, Paramastri Y, Dale CJ, Shoobridge M, Medveczky CJ, Ramshaw IA, Thomson SA, Kent SJ. Comparison of whole gene and whole virus scrambled antigen approaches for DNA prime and Fowlpoxvirus boost HIV-1 vaccine regimens in macaques. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2005; 21: 292-300.

53. Dale CJ, Thomson S, De Rose R, Ranasinghe C, Medveczky CJ, Pamungkas J, Boyle DB, Ramshaw IA, Kent SJ. Prime boost strategies in DNA Vaccines. In: DNA Vaccines , 2nd edition Ed: M Salzman; Humana Press 2006: 171-198.

52. Chang JJ, Wightman F, Bartholomeusz A, Ayres A, Kent SJ, Sasadeusz J, Lewin SR. Reduced HBV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-1-HBV co-infected individuals receiving HBV-active antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Virology 2005; 79: 3038-51.

51. Chea S, Dale CJ, De Rose R, Ramshaw IA, Kent SJ. Enhanced cellular immunity in macaques following a novel peptide immunotherapy. Journal of Virology 2005: 79; 3748-3757.

50. Smith MZ, Kent SJ. Genetic influences on HIV infection: implications for vaccine development. Sexual Health 2005: 2; 53-62.

49. De Rose R, Chea S, Dale CJ, Reece J, Fernandez CS, Wilson KM, Thomson S, Ramshaw IA, Coupar BEH, Boyle DB, Sullivan MT, Kent SJ. Subtype AE HIV-1 DNA and recombinant Fowlpoxvirus vaccines encoding 5 shared HIV-1 genes: safety and T cell immunogenicity in macaques. Vaccine 2005: 23; 1949-1956.

48. Dale CJ, De Rose R, Stratov I, Chea S, Montefiori D, Thomson S, Ramshaw IA, Coupar BEH, Boyle DB, Law M, Kent SJ. Efficacy of DNA and Fowlpoxvirus prime/boost vaccines for SHIV. Journal of Virology 2004; 78: 13819-13828.

47. Smith MZ, Dale CJ, De Rose R, Stratov I, Fernandez CS, Brooks AG, Weinfurter J, Krebs K, Riek C, Watkins DI, O'Connor DH, Kent SJ. Analysis of Pigtail Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules Presenting Immunodominant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitopes. Journal of Virology 2005; 79: 684-695.

46. Dale CJ, De Rose R, Wilson KM, Croom HA, Thomson S, Coupar BEH, Ramsay A, Purcell DFJ, Ffrench R, Law M, Emery S, Cooper DA, Ramshaw IA, Boyle DB, Kent SJ. Evaluation of HIV-1 DNA vaccines optimized for primate CpG content and fowlpoxvirus vaccines co-expressing IFNg or IL-12. Vaccine 2004; 23: 188-197.

45. Stratov I, DeRose R, Purcell DFJ, Kent SJ. Vaccines and vaccine strategies against HIV. Current Drug Targets, 2004; 5: 71-88.

44. Thompson KA, Kent SJ, Gahan ME, Purcell DFJ, McLean CA, Preiss S, Dale CJ, Wesselingh SL. Neurotropism of nef/LTR deleted Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. J Neurovirol 2003; 9: 442-451.

43. Dale CJ, Liu XS, De Rose R, Purcell DFJ, Anderson J, Xu Y, Leggatt GR, Frazer IH, Kent SJ. Chimeric human papilloma virus – simian/human immunodeficiency virus virus-like-particle vaccines: immunogenicity and protective efficacy in macaques. Virology 2002; 301: 176-87.

42. Corbett AJ, McKenzie BS, Sutherland RM, Brady JL, Strugnell RA,Kent SJ, Kramer DR, Boyle JS, Pearse MJ and Lew, AM (2002) The utility of immunoglobulin fusions in DNA vaccines In: The Antibodies, Vol 7 pp29-42. Ed M Zanetti & JD Capra, Taylor & Francis, London.

41. Kent SJ, Dale CJ, Mijch AM. Knowledge and commitment for action. The 14th International AIDS Conference, Barcelona, July 2002. Medical Journal of Australia 2002; 177: 587-9.

40. Kent SJ. Vaccines for HIV in the developing world. Internal Medicine Journal 2002; 32: 136-7.

39. Kent SJ, Dale CJ, Preiss S, Purcell DFJ. Evidence of recombination between 3' and 5' LTRs in macaques inoculated with SIV DNA. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2002; 18: 227-30.

38. Kent SJ, Dale CJ, Preiss S, Mills J, Campagna D, Purcell DFJ. Vaccination with attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus by DNA inoculation. J Virol 2001; 75: 11930-4.

37. Kent SJ, Ada GL, Hayes E, Lewis IM. Determining the immune mechanisms of protection from AIDS: correlates of immunity and the development of syngeneic macaques. Immunological Reviews 2001; 183: 94-108.

36. McKenzie BS, Corbett AJ, Brady JL, Dyer CM, Strugnell RA,Kent SJ, Kramer DR, Boyle JS, Lew AM. Enhancing nucleic acid vaccines: task and tactics. Immunologic research 2001; 24: 225-44.

35. Kent SJ, Cameron PU, Reece J, Thompson P, Purcell DFJ. Attenuated and wild type HIV-1 infections and Long Terminal Repeat mediated gene expression from plasmids delivered by gene gun to human skin ex vivo and macaques in vivo. Virology 2001; 287: 71-8.

34. Purcell DFJ, Cameron PU, Mills J,Kent SJ. Infectivity of wild-type and deleted proviral SIV DNA. Developments in Biologicals 2001; 106: 395-406.

33. Joy AK, Vogelnest L, Middleton DJ, Dale CJ, Campagna D, Purcell DFJ, Kent SJ. SIV infections in vervet monkeys (Clorocebus aethiops) at an Australian zoo. Aust Veterinary Journal 2001; 79: 406-8.

32. Kent SJ. Vaccines to prevent HIV and AIDS. Microbiology Australia 2001; 22: 12-15.

31. Sands AR, Kent SJ, Dax EM, Johnson EM. Antibody responses to an HIV-1 vaccine. Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Experimental AIDS Research. Monduzzi Ed, Bologna, Italy, 2001: 75-80.

30. Kent SJ, Zhao A, Dale CJ, Land S, Boyle DB, Ramshaw IA. A recombinant avipox HIV-1 vaccine expressing interferon-gamma is safe and immunogenic in macaques. Vaccine 2000; 18: 2250-6.

29. Dale CJ, Zhao A, Jones SL, Boyle DB, Ramshaw IA, Kent SJ. Induction of T-helper type 1 responses following therapeutic vaccination of macaques with a recombinant fowlpoxvirus HIV-1 vaccine co-expressing interferon-gamma. J Med Primatol 2000; 29: 240-7.

28. Dale CJ, Kent SJ. Vaccines for HIV. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic patents 2000; 10: 1179-88.

27. Ramsay AJ, Kent SJ, Strugnell RA, Suhrbier A, Thomson SA, Ramshaw IA. Genetic vaccination strategies for enhanced cellular, humoral and mucosal immunity. Immunological Reviews 1999; 171: 27-44.

26. Kent SJ. HIV vaccines – promise and directions. Medical Journal of Australia 1999; 171: 124-5.

25. Kent SJ. Vaccination for HIV infected individuals. Position paper of the Australasian Society for HIV medicine, 1999.

24. Kent SJ, Zhao A, Best S, Chandler JD, Boyle D, Ramshaw IA. Enhanced T cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a HIV-1 vaccine regimen consisting of consecutive DNA priming and recombinant fowlpox virus boosting. Journal of Virology 1998; 72: 10180-8.

23. Joy AK, Dale CJ, Kent SJ. Can HIV be prevented by a vaccine? Drugs R & D 1999; 1: 431-40.

22. Kent SJ, Lewis IM. Primate Syngeneic modelling systems for HIV vaccines. Reproduction Fertil Dev 1998; 10: 651-7.

21. Kent SJ. Preventive HIV-1 vaccines: Where are we going? Int. J. of STD and AIDS 1998; 9: 715-9.

20. Kent SJ. Antiviral CD4 cell response in simian immunodeficiency virus infected macaques. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1998; 177: 1771-2.

19. Cardinal B, Kent SJ. Behavioural effects of simple manipulable environmental enrichment techniques on macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 1998; 37: 1-4.

18. Looney DJ, MacClure J, Kent SJ, Radaelli A, Kraus G, Schmidt A, Steffy K, Greenberg P, Hu S-L, Morton W, Wong-Staal F. A minimally replicative HIV-2 live-virus vaccine protects M nemestrina from disease after HIV-2287 challenge. Virology 1998; 242: 150-60.

17. Kent SJ, Woodward A, Zhao A. HIV-1 specific T cell responses correlate with control of acute HIV-1 infection in macaques. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997; 176: 1188-97.

16. Mills J, Deacon N, McPhee D, Learmont J, Crowe SM, Greenway A, Rhodes D, Oelrichs R, Kent SJ, Geczy A, Sullivan J. Effects of 13-17 years of infection with a nef-deleted strain of HIV: the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort. in: Colloque Des Cent Gardes: Retroviruses of Human AIDS and Related Animal Diseases. Eds Girard M and Dodet B. 1997 p293-9.

15. Kent SJ, Greenberg PD, Hoffman MC, Akridge R, McElrath MJ. Antagonism of vaccine-induced CD4+ CTL by primary HIV-1 infection: potential mechanism of vaccine failure. Journal of Immunology 1997; 158: 807-15.

14. Dyer WB, Geczy AF, Kent SJ, McIntyre LB, Blasdall SA, Learmont JC, Sullivan JS. Lymphoproliferative immune function in the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort, infected with natural nef/long terminal repeat mutants, and in other long-term survivors of transfusion-acquired HIV-1 infection. AIDS, 1997; 11: 1565-74.

13. Kent SJ, Hu S-L, Corey L, Morton WR, Greenberg PD. Detection of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells in Macaques protected from SIV challenge by prior subunit vaccination. Journal of Virology 1996; 70: 4941-9.

12. Kent SJ, Clancy R, Ada GL. Prospects for a preventative HIV vaccine. Medical Journal of Australia, 1996; 165: 212-5.

11. Kent SJ, Corey L, Agy M, Morton WR, McElrath MJ, Greenberg PD. Cytotoxic and proliferative T cell responses in HIV-1 infected M nemestrina. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1995; 95: 248-56.

10. Biggs BA, Hewish M,Kent SJ, Hayes K, Crowe SM. HIV infection of human monocyte derived macrophages impairs ingestion and killing of Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of Immunology 1995; 154: 6132-9.

9. Kent SJ, Stallard V, Corey L, Hu S-L, Morton WR, Gritz L, Panacali D, Greenberg PD. Analysis of SIV-specific CTL responses in SIV infected macaques using antigen specific stimulations with recombinant vaccinia and fowlpox viruses. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 1994; 5: 551-60.

8. Kent SJ, Stent G, Sonza S, Hunter SD, Crowe SM. HIV-1 Infection of Monocyte-derived Macrophages Reduces Fc and Complement Receptor Expression. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 1994; 95: 450-4.

7. Crowe SM, Vardaxis N,Kent SJ, Maerz A, Hewish MJ, McGrath MS, Mills J. HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro reduces phagocytosis of Candida albicans. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1994; 56: 318-27.

6. Swanson CE, Tindall B, Cooper DA for the Australian Zidovudine Study Group* (Kent SJ, member of study group) Efficacy of zidovudine treatment in homosexual men with ARC. AIDS 1994; 8: 625-34.

5. Kent SJ, Van Scoy MS, Skerrett S. Listeria peritonitis with review of the literature. Aust N Z J Med 1994; 24: 405.

4. Kent SJ, Crowe SM, Yung A, Lucas CR, Mijch AM. Tuberculous meningitis - A 30 year review. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1993; 17: 987-94.

3. Slavin MA, Hoy JF, Stewart K, Pettinger MB, Lucas CR, Kent SJ. Oral dapsone versus nebulized pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis: an open randomized prospective trial to assess efficacy and haematological toxicity. AIDS 1992; 6: 1169-74.

2. Kent SJ, Hoy JF. Prevention of Meningoccal infections. Current Therapeutics 1992; 33: 43-46.

1. Fairley CK ,Kent SJ, Street A, Mijch A, Hoy JF. Invasive aspergillosis in AIDS. Aust N Z J Med 1991; 21: 747-9.

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Research Staff

Laboratory Heads

Dr Jennifer Juno @scientist_JJ
Dr Jen Juno is a talented Canadian scientist who started postdoctoral work with us in September 2016. She completed a PhD at the University of Manitoba in 2014 on aspects of HIV disease progression. She has an interest in T-follicular helper cell immunity, COVID-19, HIV/SIV, TB, MAIT cells, gamma-delta cells and CD1-restricted T cells. She has been awarded Canadian Institutes of Health Research, NHMRC Early Career fellowships and multiple NHMRC project grant and investigator grants as CIA. She is a co-investigator on MRFF and Victorian government COVID-19 grants. She is supervising multiple PhD students and Research Assistants. She was promoted to Laboratory Head in 2023.
Dr Adam Wheatley @WheatleyAtotheK

Dr Adam Wheatley completed his PhD in this department in 2010. He then worked as a post-doctoral scientist at the NIH’s Vaccine Research Centre in the US with Drs Rick Koup, Adrian McDermott and others. He now manages his own group both developing novel nano-medicine projects and developing insight into B cell and antibody based immunity projects to influenza, HIV and COVID-19. In particular, he is pioneering spike and haemagluttin fluorescent probes to study SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza B cell biology and drive improvements in COVID and Influenza vaccines. He is supervising several PhD students, research assistant and post-docs. He has received multiple NHMRC project grants as CIA and was awarded the Frank Fenner Prize for the leading NHMRC EL Investigator grant in 2020. He holds multiple MRFF awards for his COVID-19 research. He was promoted to Laboratory Head in 2023.

Post Doctoral Fellows

Wen Shi Lee @WenShiLee
Wen Shi completed a Bachelor of Biomedicine at the University of Melbourne in 2013 and completed First Class Honours with us in 2014. His PhD studies focused on understanding how to clear latently infected cells and cure HIV using ADCC antibodies. Wen Shi has broad skills in both ADCC immunity and HIV virology. He is also studying how viral rebound during cure therapies or treatment interruption boosts ADCC. He was awarded his PhD in 2019 and joined us as a postdoctoral fellow.
Hyon-Xhi Tan @Hyonxhi
Hyon-Xhi graduated with a BSc (Hons) from the University of Otago in 2010 where he won several prestigious awards. He hails from Malaysia originally. He completed a highly successful PhD with us in 2016 and is now a highly valued and productive postdoctoral fellow. He works with Adam to understand of COVID-19 influenza-specific B cell responses in blood and tissues. He is a co-investigator on successful NHMRC Ideas grants and various early career awards. He is co-supervising multiple PhD students and research assistants.
Marios Koutsakos @MariosKoutsakos
Marios completed his PhD with the Kedzierska lab in our department in 2019 and joined our group as a post-doctoral fellow in 2021. He has published multiple high impact papers on influenza and COVID-19 immunity and was awarded a highly competitive NHMRC EL Investigator grant in 2020. He will be studying serological immunity to Influenza B with Adam and our group.
Mai Vu
Mai was a PhD student primarily supervised by Drs Tom Davis and Nghia Truong at Monash Pharmacy in Parkville and is part of the ARC centre of Excellence in nanomedicine. Stephen is co-supervising her and she is studying nanoparticle interactions with blood cells in microfluidics flow-based model. She did her B. Pharm degree in Hanoi, Vietnam and did a MSc at Monash pharmacy. She is also looking to develop influenza-based nanoparticle vaccines and spends time in our lab group on her research projects. She submitted her PhD in 2022 and joins us as a post-doctoral scientist.
Lara Schwab
Lara participated in the International Research Training Group (IRTG 2168), a PhD program between the University of Melbourne and the University of Bonn/Germany and was awarded her joint PhD degree in 2022. She was focusing on evaluating the antiviral activity of RIG-I agonists in different models of respiratory viral infections. Lara recently joined the group to expand upon her interests in viral respiratory diseases and will work on influenza B virus virology and immunology.
Mai-Chi Trieu
Chi is spending a year with us on exchange from the University of Bergen in Norway. She obtained her BSc from Vietnam National University and her PhD with Rebecca Cox in Norway in 2018 and has been working on aspects of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 immunity. She joins us for a year to work with Stephen, Adam, Jen and our team on aspects of immunity to COVID-19 in the elderly and after vaccination.
Mitchell Zheng
Mitchell conducted his PhD with Linda Wakim and Pat Reading at the Doherty Institute and joined us to work with Jen Juno and her team on T cell immunity to pandemic pathogens.
Rosela Webster
Rosie conducted her PhD with the Tarlinton lab at Monash and joined us to work with Adam and Hyon-Xhi on B cell immunity to pandemic viruses.

Research Assistants

Thakshila Amarasena
Thakshila is an experienced technical scientist helping with our studies of viral quantification, sequencing and flow cytometry. She obtained her science degree in Sri Lanka and is a very experienced laboratory scientist. She is also our diligent safety and compliance officer.
Robyn Esterbauer @RobynE_RA
Robyn completed a BSc (Honors) in our department in 2016 topping her honors class. She has previously worked in several IT areas and brings a wide range of skills to our lab. She is working with Adam on several influenza immunity projects and is a very valued team member.
Andrew Kelly
Andrew completed a Bachelor of Biomedical Science Advanced (Honours) at Monash University in 2021. He joins the lab to work with Adam and Robyn on a series on COVID-19 and Influenza projects.
Julie Nguyen
Julie completed honours in 2021. She originally came from a cancer background and was a part of the Peter Mac Summer Scholarship Program. She is now working with Hyon-Xhi and Jen on several immunisation and immunology projects.
Lauren Burmas
Lauren completed her BSc Honours working with Hyon-Xhi and Jen on how changing vaccine locations affects immunity. She is continuing to work with Jen on COVID immunity projects.

Students

Ruth Purcell
Ruth joined Amy’s group in 2021 to conduct a PhD on antibody-related projects. Stephen is a co-supervisor with Amy Chung the primary supervisor. She completed her undergraduate degree at ANU.
Kirsty Field
Kirsty obtained her BSc at Melbourne University majoring in Microbiology and Immunology and joined us as an honors student in 2020 working with Jen and Kathleen on how to get the most out of gamma-delta T cells for use as immunotherapy for HIV. She obtained excellent marks for her honors projects despite COVID interruptions and started a PhD with Jen in 2021.
Devaki Pilapitiya
Devaki obtained her BSc (hons) from the University of Auckland in 2017 and then worked as a research assistant studying virulence factors of Group A Streptococci. She started a PhD with Adam and Hyon-Xhi in 2021 on nanoparticle vaccines.
Thu Do
Thu hails from Vietnam and recently completed a successful MSc with the Rossjohn group at Monash. She started a PhD with Marios on Influenza B projects
Yee-Chen Liu
Yee-Chen completed her DVM and MSc in Taiwan and has been working in Avian disease laboratories. She joined us to do a PhD with our team on vaccines and immunity to pandemic viral pathogens.
Veronica Zoest
Nicky completed her undergraduate BSc honours at the University of Auckland and has been working on studying Mycobacterial infections in NZ. She joined us in 2023 to do a PhD studying immunity to pandemic vaccines in a range of models.

Research Administrators

Jane Batten
Jane is a former research scientist who worked with us for many years prior to having children. She rejoined the group part time in 2015 to help us manage our large research enterprise.
Janavi Rambhatla
Janavi completed her Ph.D. in 2019 on malaria immunity from the University of Melbourne. She joined our lab in 2021 as a Senior Project Officer to work with Stephen, Adam and Jen to manage their next generation COVID-19 vaccine project.

Honorary Staff

Dr Amy Chung @AmyWChung
Dr Amy Chung completed her PhD with our group in 2011 and was then awarded both an NHMRC CJ Martin award and an Australia-America fellowship to work with Dr Galit Alter at Harvard University/Ragon Institute. She had a highly successful post-doc there with first authored publications in Science Translational Medicine and cell. She returned on the Australian leg of her NHMRC CJ Martin fellowship to set up projects on novel aspects of antibody immunity. She is studying aspects of “Systems Serology” (see Chung et al, Cell 2015) whereby a complete picture of functional antibody responses is analysed to HIV, COVID, TB, Malaria and autoimmune diseases. She has developed novel multiplex assays to generate this broad picture of antibody immunity. She has received multiple NHMRC fellowships and was promoted to a Laboratory Head in 2018, now managing a large team of scientists. She still collaborates widely with members of the Kent group. Her own website is here
Dr David (Yi) Ju
David is an ARC DECRA fellow and RMIT Vice Chancellors fellow. He conducted postdoctoral research within Frank Caruso’s group at the Dept of Chemical Engineering at the University of Melbourne and is a long-term collaborator. He is interested in nanoparticle-immune cell interactions. He did his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Tianjin China and a MSc and PhD at the University of Melbourne. He is working with us on several collaborative projects around immunity to PEG, immune-cell targeting and cancer-cell targeting nanoparticles. Visit his website here
Professor David O'Connor
Dave is a full professor at the University of Wisconsin and an expert in viral and immunology genetics. He spent 11 months with the Kent lab as a visiting Miegunyah professor at UoM on sabattical. He continues to collaborate with our group and retains an honorary position with us. Visit his website here
Professor Shelby O'Connor
Shelby is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin and an expert in viral immunology and viral dynamics. She spent 11 months with the Kent lab at UoM on sabattical. She continues to collaborate with the Kent/Juno/Chung groups and we hold a joint NIH grant together. Visit her website here
Dr Matt Parsons
Dr Matt Parsons completed his PhD at McGill in Canada in 2012 and joined us in November 2012. He is an expert in NK cell biology and HIV. He spent 6 months with us during his PhD, which was very stimulating and highly productive. He studied subtypes of NK cells for their ability to mediate HIV-specific ADCC responses. He is also interested in how ADCC antibodies could help prevent infection with cell-associated HIV. Together with Prof Kent he was awarded ACH2 grants in 2014 and 2016, as well as an NHMRC Project Grant in 2015 to continue his work. He has been awarded Canadian Institute of Health Research and Doherty Fellowships. He supervised PhD students Wen Shi Lee and Kevin John Selva and Research Assistant Anne Kristensen. He was recruited to Emory University in the USA and remains as an honorary staff member.
Hillary Vanderven
Hillary completed her MSc at the University of Alberta in Canada in 2011 and worked as a research assistant, laboratory coordinator and lecturer after that. She moved to Melbourne and started a PhD with us in 2014 studying ADCC immunity to influenza. She has studied ADCC immunity to internal influenza proteins, to H7N9 pandemic influenza and in response to vaccination of the elderly. She finished her PhD and was recruited to James Cook University in 2018.
Kevin John Selva @Kev_in_Science
Kevin completed his BSc (Hons) at the Nanyang Technical University in Singapore and has subsequently worked as a research assistant on NK cell immunity to adenovirus infections in the eye. He joined our group to conduct a PhD on aspects of NK cell biology and ADCC immunity to HIV with Dr Matt Parsons. He studied how factors within seminal plasma cause immune-suppression, inhibiting the ability of NK cells to mediate ADCC and enhance HIV transmission. He passed his PhD with us in 2019 and is now working with Amy on aspects of functional antibody immunity to HIV.
A/Prof Steve Rockman
Steve is Director of Global Innovation at Seqirus, a CSL company. He has a long association with UoM dating back to his University days. He is a long term collaborator with our group on aspects of influenza immunity and vaccines with multiple joint publications over the years. He sits on many of the committees of many of our PhD candidates, assists us with several of our large MRFF grants and provides excellent technical advice and directions to our work.
Dr Nghia Truong
Nghia hails from Vietnam and obtained his PhD and has conducted post-doctoral studies at Monash Pharmacy. He is an ARC DECRA fellow and a long term collaborator with our group on nanoparticle projects with multiple joint publications and grants.
Dr Sinth Jegaskanda
Sinth completed honours, PhD and postdoctoral studies with our group. He has also been a postdoc at the NIH, trained as a patent attorney, worked for UoM’s research office and is now working with a biotech company Myrio. He provides great advice on strategy and direction for our group and has been working with another former PhD student Dr Hillary Vanderven on various Influenza projects with commercial potential.

Guest Scientists

Dr Emily Pilkington
Emily hails from New Zealand and completed her PhD with Tom Davis and colleagues at Monash pharmacy. She worked as a post-doctoral fellow in our group for 3-4 years studying nanoparticle-immune cell interactions. She has returned to Monash Pharmacy but continues to collaborate with our group.
Dr Shiyao Li
Dr Shiyao Li, PhD, is a junior postdoctoral scientist within Frank Caruso’s group at the Dept of Chemical Engineering at the University of Melbourne. She is working with our group and David Ju on nanoparticle-immune cell interactions.
Ms Diyana Hassanel
Ms Diyana Hassanel is a PhD student at Monash Pharmacy working with Drs Nghia Truong and Emily Pilkington. She is collaborating with our group on the influence of PEG on nanoparticle-immune cell interactions in vivo.
Ms Zihnil Mazrad
Ms Zihnil Mazrad is a PhD student at Monash Pharmacy supervised by Dr Kristian Kempe. She is working with our group and Drs Shiyao Li and David Ju studying alternatives to PEG in the generation of lipid nanoparticles and reducing their interactions with immune cells in vitro.

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2023

September 2023

A lot of travel and conference presentations for our team coming up so a short update. Jen, Adam and Stephen were honoured to be a finalist in the Eureka prize for infectious diseases recently – see video clip here of our pitch and red-carpet photos below! We applied together with Miles Davenport, Deborah Cromer and David Khoury at the Kirby Institute – we’ve been so grateful for their insights into our studies and our collaborative work – we have some 20 publications with their group in recent years – including a nice recent one from Wen Shi in Science Advances – see our publication page here for updates. Our other close collaborators, Katherine Kedzierska, Oanh Nyugen and Louise Rowntree won the award which was great to see.

We had a wonderful lab retreat at Marysville recently with Amy Chung’s group also – great to hear presentations from everyone, (students, RA’s, project managers, postdocs, lab heads!) and enjoy a bracing walk to the falls. We had A/Prof Steve Rockman from CSL/Seqirus as a guest who had plenty of insightful comments and advice. The annual tip packing competition was hotly contested. Some photos below.

Lara and Thu gave great talks recently at the ESWI Influenza conference in Spain and Adam gave a seminar at ANU recently - photos below.

Exciting news on grants and other awards under embargo – stay tuned for the next edition.

May 2023

Our lab has been expanding! We welcome Mitchell and Rosie as new junior postdoctoral fellows to the lab – both have just finished their PhDs and are working with Jen and Adam/Hyon-Xhi on various T and B cell projects respectively. We also welcome new PhD students Yee-Chen (from Taiwan) and Nicky (from NZ) who are working with Marios/Adam and Jen/Adam/Wen Shi on Flu B and vaccine studies respectively. We have several new guests in and out of our lab also - Shiyao who works with Frank Caruso and David Ju is helping a collaboration with Inin, a PhD student of Kristian Kempe at Monash pharmacy. Emily is working with Diyana, a PhD student of Nghia Truong at Monash pharmacy. Emily is moving back to Monash pharmacy but will continue our collaborations. See our staff page for updates.

The lab recently had dinner at a lovely Vietnamese restaurant that Thu kindly organised (see photos). We have 4 people of Vietnamese heritage in our group now! Jane organized with aplomb a great NHMRC program grant retreat at the Manly recently - several from our group attended (see photos). We have a lab retreat planned to Marysville in June together with Amy’s group – should be cold but fun!

Exciting news that Jen and Adam are both being promoted to Laboratory Heads within our department – well deserved recognition of their stellar careers and independence. Congratulations to both!

January 2023

I hope everyone has had a good break over the holiday season. We had a hectic December with many of the lab attending and presenting talks and posters at the Australian Society for Immunology meeting (see photos) and being part of the attendant COVID outbreak! We are having a lab lawn bowls party in January (photos soon).

The team has been working hard on 2 follow up COVID breakthrough studies focusing on variant-specific antibody responses and T cell responses with some fascinating results. See here for one of the preprints and here for Marios’s tweetorial. We are beginning a study of COVID breakthrough in the elderly together with Austin hospital colleagues.

Congratulations to Jen who was promoted to level C and was awarded a prestigious Dame Kate Campbell fellowship. Stephen was heartened to receive a Mentorship Excellence award from our faculty – he’s very proud of the success of all our past and current students, staff and collaborators. Stephen and close collaborators Miles Davenport, Katherine Kedzierska and Kanta Subbarao were honoured to be finalists in the Prime Minister’s Prize for Science recently.

We will be looking to employ a new post-doc or 2 in the viral immunology space during 2023 so please contact us if interested in joining our productive and fun lab. The lab mostly uses the @viralvaxlab twitter handle these days if Elon doesn’t blow it up, so consider following us there also.

2022

November 2022

Stephen was relieved to be awarded an NHMRC investigator grant recently – it is super competitive – phew. Adam and the team have had success with a grant to generate further monoclonal antibodies against pandemic viruses. Adam was also awarded the 2022 Dean’s Innovation Grant – see photo. Lots of nice papers coming through – check out our publication page here.

Our first MRFF COVID Immunity grant wrapped up in style with a symposium and then dinner – well done to Katherine Kedzierska for leading it and all our collaborators for being so helpful. A big thanks to Jane for keeping us on track. We now start out second COVID immunity MRFF.

Jen and Stephen attended the 2022 ISV Annual Congress and Adam attended the 2022 ASI Clinical Translation School – see photos below.

We welcome Dr Chi Trieu to the lab – she’s spending 12 months with us on loan from the lab of Rebecca Cox at University of Bergen in Norway. She’ll be working on various COVID immunity projects and learning new skills. The O’Connors from Wisconsin are coming back for an encore to their sabbatical visit during November this year.

We’ve started a study to examine the best timing to give the Moderna bivalent COVID vaccine that contains an Omicron variant. It may be that delaying the boost provides the immune system a chance to develop better responses. Please consider enrolling in the trial if you are interested! – more details and how to express your interest are here.

We are looking for a post-doc with mouse experience to work with Hyon-Xhi and Adam on various COVID and Flu immunisation projects – advertisement is here.

And lastly, in other news, Wen Shi got married! See photo of the newlyweds below.

September 2022

Our move to new labs is complete and went really smoothly. We’re loving the brand new facilities and heaps of space. Soooo many people were helpful with the move both in our lab, at the Doherty Institute, and at the Medical building – thanks everyone. Feel free to come and visit us at the north wing of the 6th floor of the tri-radiate medical building #181. Some photos of the nice new space below.

We had a really fun lab ski retreat to the Melb Uni Mt Buller lodge recently – see photos. The weather and snow were not perfect, but a good time had by all none-the-less. Thanks to Wen Shi and Jane for organizing it so well.

Big news is that Isaac and wife Val welcomed a baby girl, Melissa, and all doing well. Isaac was due to give a committee meeting presentation and final PhD oration the very week that things started to happen, so they’ve been pushed back as he relishes being a new Dad!

Sam and Ebene have given PhD and MPhil final orations respectively recently – both did super well and Amy and Stephen are very proud of their achievements. They are writing up and exploring future opportunities now! Attached are their presentation posters.

Lara started work with Marios as a postdoc recently funded by his Locarnini-Morningside Fellowship – she did a great PhD with Pat Reading through the Bonn-UoM PhD scheme and has settled in really well. Marios is spending a few months in the US soon with Ali Elebeddy’s group in St Louis – they are very well known for various studies of lymph node/bone marrow immunity and no doubt Marios will have a productive and educational time there.

June 2022

Winter has arrived in Melbourne, but at least the snow should be good for our lab ski retreat in August! Jen, Adam, Marios, Hyon-Xhi and Emily escaped to a Keystone meeting in Colorado for some high-altitude summer and presented their viral immunity work.

Lots of nice papers and pre-prints coming out – see Publication page. We’re proud of the team effort involved in our kinetic analysis of breakthrough COVID that came out in Immunity recently. Really dedicated group of participants put up with regular blood samples while they were miserable with COVID. For Delta infections, as the neutralising Ab response kicks in, their virus goes down – this fits with our collaborative work on neutralising antibodies as the correlate of protection with the Davenport group. Omicron is so escaped though that the picture for the Omicron breakthroughs is more complicated – Wen Shi and Robyn are plowing through Omicron neutralising assays now and seeing an interesting rise in Omicron-specific neuts now.

Our amazing EMCRs are busy writing MRFF grants at the moment – possibly the EMCR MRFF scheme will be ridiculously over-subscribed and chances of success a lottery. But, like cod-liver oil, perhaps it will be good experience!

Very excited about our impending move across the road to the medical building soon. Thakshila, Robyn, Jen, Adam and the whole team are doing a fantastic job, together with Paula from the DMI and Effie and Milly from the Medical building, in coordinating everything. Sad to leave the PDI but soooo much more space for us to grow and everyone to reach their potential. We plan to move back to the new AIID building next to the Doherty Institute when that is built in a few short years.

We’re having our annual “Gratefulness morning tea” this week where we get to graciously thank people for all their help in keeping our group stay productive and be a generally nice place to work. Attached photo of one of our certificates and a few photos of the event. The event is a combination of poignant moments and eye-rolling-ness all at the same time - we’ve had people cry with gratitude of being thanked in the past!

April 2022

Apologies for the big time gap – I have trouble getting help with the website but we have a new project manager Janavi who can help me now! Janavi is working with Stephen, Adam and Jen on our MRFF vaccine project.

Big news is that the lab has grown so much we are moving into a bigger lab over at the medical building – floor 6 North. Exciting brand newly renovated space with heaps of lab space and desk space so not so squeezy! Will miss working shoulder to shoulder with Amy’s group but we can all grow a bit more now!

Congratulations to Marios who was awarded the Locarnini fellowship from the Doherty which is a great feather in his cap – he will grow his team, with Thu recently starting as a PhD student. Wen Shi was awarded a Melbourne Fellowship from the faculty allowing him to chase down many of his great projects. Both were really competitive (one awarded!) and well deserved.

Some great papers have come out – check out our publication page. Some photos attached – we had a great lab retreat near Apollo bay again – nicer weather for a change! We’re planning a ski trip retreat to the University lodge at Buller in August.

October 2021

Massive month for grants. Jen, Hyon-Xhi and Amy were all awarded NHMRC Investigator grants! These 5-year salary grants are super crazy hard to get – our group’s 100% success rate (3 for 3) is a bit better than the overall success rate (a dispiriting 15%, and closer to 10% for the divisions they were competing in!). This allows certainty in their career for them and a chance to tackle big longer term projects. Well done!! Stephen and Adam are just bursting with pride and the whole lab has contributed in many ways to their success.

Another huge win was that the MRFF has funded the stage 2 of our anti-COVID monoclonal antibody project at $5m. This is an award with WEHI and takes the Mabs we generated in our lab through to human trials. It reflects incredibly hard work by Adam, Hyon-Xhi, Robyn, Hannah, Thakshila, Jen and many many more. It also couldn’t have been done without the help of our COVID+ donors whose B cells we isolated the Mabs from. We are very grateful. The paper on our Mabs has just come out in Cell Reports (see the cover photo!). Photo below of our wider collaboration in front of Naughtons.

Our fruitful collaboration with Miles Davenport continues to gather steam. Our piece of correlates of immunity in Nature Med has become an instant citation classic, garnering over 300 cites in a few months. We have an important article on immunity to variants coming out in Lancet Microbe soon. We have been thinking about “immune imprinting” from old COVID strains and how this will affect boosting with vaccines – we wrote an article on this in Trends in Immunology recently. We have also been busy studying how immunity is “recalled” following COVID antigen re-exposure. We think this has implications for how the world will grapple with long term immunity to COVID in an era of regular exposures. Stay tuned for future articles in this space!

Some new RAs have joined the group recently – Grace is working with Jen and Andrew is working with Adam and Robyn. Pradhipa has started as an RA with Amy. Ruth has started a PhD with Amy. Attached screen shot of a recent lab meeting. Sad news is that Kathleen, Ester and Hannah will be leaving in the coming months. Kathleen and Jen were a formidable team; Kathleen has a job in the US and we’ll miss her greatly – we hope she comes back one day! Ester is moving a little further out of Melbourne with her growing family and we wish her well – Amy and the whole lab will miss her wealth of experience. Kirsty with help from quiz-master Penny helped organise a virtual lab gathering with Uber eats vouchers from Jane to say good-bye in these lockdown times – attached photo! Hannah is moving to Canberra with her partner and has lined up a great post-doc at ANU.

August 2021

A big couple of months for grants – we were humbled to receive a $3m MRFF award to study vaccines against the new COVID variants. Adam, Jen, Hyon-Xhi, Wen Shi, Robyn, Kathleen, Isaac, Hannah and Jane did a fantastic job generating data and putting the grant together. We’re grateful to our partners Kanta Subbarao at the Doherty, Trent Munro at UQ, Jason Lickliter at Nucleus Network, Wai-Hong Tham at WEHI, Kylie Quinn at RMIT, Miles Davenport at UNSW and many others for helping out so generously.

We recently held a “COVID Community forum” recently to thank all our dedicated participants of all our many research studies. It was a great chance to chat and say a heartfelt thanks, give a brief update on our work and for our scientists to meet some of the participants and vice versa. We wouldn’t have made nearly the headway on COVID that we have without the generous help of people enrolling in our studies.

We’ve been working with Jesse Toe and others from the research and commercialisation team at the University on trying to move our COVID treatments and vaccines towards human trials. Jesse kindly gave us a coffee mug for all our work (see photo).

Penny recently started with our group as an RA working with Hyon-Xhi and Jen. Thi Do has also started work with Marios as an RA and plans to start a PhD with us in 2022. Timon passed his PhD and is off to Amsterdam for a post-doc there. Hannah passed her PhD also and may be off to Canberra later in the year.

April 2021

Apologies for the delay in updating the website – there were some changes in the personnel who maintain the site and Stephen is not good at it!

We’ve had a hugely productive few months understanding COVID immunity, with papers on new COVID vaccines, durability of immunity in COVID, COVID nanobodies, COVID ADCC, ACE2 levels in COVID, COVID neutralising antibodies, correlates of protection in COVID, human coronaviruses, HLA I restricted CTL responses in COVID. Many more papers in various aspects of submission. We’re very proud of all our work helping understand COVID and help with vaccines and treatments. Adam, Jen, Hyon-Xhi, Wen Shi, Robyn, Kathleen, Thakshila and the whole team is doing an amazing job. We’re collaborating closely with Amy Chung and Katherine Kedzierska’s groups which has also been super productive and very fun and collegial. We have a COVID immunity MRFF with Katherine, Amy and many others where we meet regularly to hear updates and chat about our latest work. Jane is doing a good job keeping us on track.

We had a fantastic lab retreat in Marysville recently where we all presented our work, heard about our latest grant and commercial applications, and had a number of team-building exercises. We were fortunate to have Prof Miles Davenport a long-term collaborator from UNSW come down and provide his perspective on our work and directions. The RAs should have won this tip packing contest but fell at the last hurdle to the post-docs! Adam had the group leaders in the lead early until Miles and Stephen’s turns.

Everyone is finally back full time in the lab. The whole lab has recently been vaccinated against COVID which is excellent. Hannah has submitted her thesis and is working with us on an ARC nanoparticle grant – she may be moving to Canberra with her partner at the end of the year. Julius and Wenbo have passed their PhD theses which is great. Kirsty has returned from her interrupted honors year to do a PhD with Jen. Devaki joins us from NZ to do a PhD with Adam and Hyon-Xhi. Marios has joined us from the Kedzierska lab and is off to a great start with some Flu B projects.

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